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Abstract

This thesis deals with the provisions of the Indian Constitution which seek to protect minority interests and secure equality of political and civil rights. Chapter I outlines the Indian problem in the larger perspective of minorities generally. It explains the nature of the minorities' problems, defines minorities and indicates their characteristics. It discusses the role of law in the protection of minority interests, gives the historical background, and evaluates the principle of equality as a basis for the protection of minority interests. Chapter II considers the scheme of political equality envisaged in the Indian Constitution in three principal areas of citizenship, political representation, and the public services. Chapter III deals with the religious interests of minorities, in the context of Indian secularism. The chapter defines religious minorities and religious interests. Autonomy in religious affairs, the right to propagate religion, education, and the safeguarding of communal interests are discussed at length. Chapter IV discusses linguistic and cultural interests. The chapter begins with a general background of the language problem in India, followed by the definition of linguistic minorities. Specific minority issues dealt with include the conservation of their language and culture, education, employment, and the use of minority languages for official purposes. The need for a review of safeguards is indicated. Chapter V deals with socio-economic interests, a relatively new factor in the present context but of special significance in India. The chapter discusses the problem of defining 'backward classes' and considers the measures proposed and implemented for the removal of backwardness. Attention is focused on two issues of particular importance, the removal of social disabilities by law, and the use of protective discrimination to achieve equality. This is followed, in Chapter VI, by concluding remarks.