SOAS Research Online

Abstract

The Sudan is afflicted by continuous and increasing problems of nation-building arising from the significant cultural, linguistic, religious and historical diversity of its citizens. Decentralisation of government has, of late, been identified as a possible solution. The thesis examines the legal aspects of the policies of decentralisation of government in the Sudan from the colonial period to the present time. After an historical survey of the earlier period, the thesis concentrates upon decentralisation policies and programmes implemented after the May revolution of 1969. The constitutional provisions for decentralisation of government in the constitutions of 1968 and 1973 are examined, with reference to the earlier constitutional arrangements, including those made for independence in 1956, which contained no such provisions. The concept, objectives and history of decentralisation of government in the Sudan are also examined. At the theoretical level, the types and forms of decentralisation generally, are considered. The distinction between "delegation" and "devolution" as forms of decentralisation are examined. An attempt is made to identify the principal motives for policies of decentralisation. These include the achievement of national unity and the promotion of popular participation in government. Some comparative references are made in order to illuminate the important aspects of decentralisation. Particular attention is given to the problems of implementing decentralisation policies between 1971 and 1985. The discussion focusses upon: the organization of decentralised governments; the scheme of power-sharing between central, regional and local governments; the relationship between central and regional governments and between regional and local governments. The financial arrangements for the decentralised governments especially their ability to budget and raise revenue, and their capacity for effective financial management are among the problems discussed. Other topics considered include the staffing of decentralised governments, problems of physical infrastructure and the constant questions of the extent of the central government intervention and the role of traditional rulers. The character and quality of political support for decentralised policies is analysed. The prospects of decentralisation in the Sudan are considered in the light of these problems and in the context of the latest developments. In conclusion, it is submitted that an appropriate form of decentralisation of government which must involve substantial devolution of powers to the regional governments is an essential condition for the stability and security in the Sudan. However, recognition of this fact accompanied by political compromises are the vital conditions without which decentralisation will remain incomplete.