2024-03-29T06:30:34Z
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/cgi/oai2
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:26211
2023-09-28T10:19:00Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Which way is up? : motion verbs and paths of motion in Kubokota, an Austronesian language of the Solomon Islands
2009
Chambers, Mary Ruth
10.25501/SOAS.00026211
Proquest
This thesis examines the syntactic and semantic behaviour of motion verbs in Kubokota, a North West Solomonic language. In Talmy's (1985) typology of motion event lexicalisation. verb-framed languages lexicalise the path of motion in the verb and the manner of motion in a satellite, while satellite-framed languages lexicalise manner in the verb and path in a satellite. A Kubokota motion verb may lexicalise any of manner of motion, path conflated with ground (PATHG), path conflated with deixis (PATHD), source, goal or route. With both path and manner being expressed within the verb or serial verb construction (as are all other motion event components). Kubokota is neither verb- nor satellite-framed, but is best understood as equipollently-framed (Slobin 2004). Motion event lexicalisation patterns are explored in a case study of "frog story" and route description narratives. The thematic role of grounds such as source and goal depends on the semantics of the verb and cannot be determined from satellites such as prepositional phrases. This has implications for modality and event realisation. All PATHD 'go' verbs are goal- oriented, while 'come' verbs may be either source- or goal-oriented. Goal-oriented verbs are marked as irrealis while motion is in progress, because the goal has not been reached; source-oriented verbs are realis, because motion has left the source. As in many Austronesian languages, motion verbs operate within an absolute frame of reference (Levinson 2003), being closely tied to physical geography. Small and large scale systems orient to different geographical features (coastline, slope, land-sea boundary, prevailing wind). The scope of these scales and the interaction of geocentric and egocentric (deictic) information is explored through observed data, and through an experimental study of the men-and-tree photo matching game, in which motion verbs are used to describe the orientation of a figure.
2009
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/26211/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/26211/1/3048_Which_way_is_up_Motion_verbs.pdf
text
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:26342
2023-09-28T10:19:38Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Realist agency in the art field of twentieth-century China: Realism in the art and writing of Xu Beihong (1895-1953)
2009
Wang, Sun-Chin
10.25501/SOAS.00026342
Proquest
This thesis investigates the spread of the neologism xieshi zhuyi, the Chinese equivalent of 'realisin', in China in the early twentieth century through a case study of Xu Beihong. He is an indispensible figure in modern Chinese art, with his eminent status as a devotee of realism in art in particular being widely recognised. His dedication to realism in the twentieth century brings a dichotomy to his historical reputation, either as a beacon of modern Chinese art. or a conservative painter. To resolve this controversy, which results from the focus that scholarship so far has placed on 'what his realistic attainments are', this thesis explores 'how' Xu Beihong became such an prominent figure in China's art world, largely through his perception, translation and appropriation of Western realism. This perspective replaces the colonial perspective, which views twentieth-century Chinese art as a passive and belated modernity modelled on that of the West, with one grounded in postmodernism, which turns its emphasis instead to China's actively Occidental construction of the West. This thesis also studies the promulgation of the English term 'fine art', which underlies the formation of the art field in China. The appearance of such neologisms as 'realism' and 'fine art' points to a large-scale transplant of a Western framework of knowledge into China, to replace the Confucian traditions seen as obsolete after the collapse of imperial rule in 1911. Through examining the realist agency of Xu Beihong, this thesis will disclose the conflicted nature of China's art field, in which institutions, tastes and agencies are brought into play. Moreover, the diversity of the art field will in turn provide a perspective on the position-taking implied by Xu Beihong's adherence to realism. Consequently, this thesis aims to appreciate Xu Beihong's achievements beyond the simple dichotomy of modern Westernisation vs. conservatism.
2009
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/26342/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/26342/1/10731740.pdf
text
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28444
2023-09-28T10:20:43Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
The nature of modern Thai poetry: Considered with reference to the works of Angkhan Kalayanaphong, Naowarat Phongphaibun and Suchit Wongthet.
1984
Chongstitvatana, Suchitra
10.25501/SOAS.00028444
Proquest
This study is an attempt to explore the nature of modern Thai poetry through the works of some well-recognized poets of today, namely Angkhan Kalayanaphong, Naowarat Phongphaibun and Suchit Wongthet. The exploration into the nature of modern Thai poetry serves ultimately to reveal the nature of the art of Thai poetry. The analysis of the works of these poets reflects the significance of 'convention' in the creation of 'modernity'. The study is divided into six chapters: Chapter I : 'Convention' and 'modernity' in modern Thai poetry: a study of Angkhan Kalayanaphong's Lam Nam Phu Kradu'ng Chapter II : The nature of Angkhan's modernity Chapter III : The nature and significance of verse forms in Thai poetry: a study of Naowarat Phongphaibun Chapter IV : The influence of 'oral tradition' in modern Thai poetry Chapter V : The creation of symbols in modern Thai poetry Chapter VI : On the formation of Thai poetical convention and Thai concepts of poets and poetry Through the structure of the study emerges the fact that the exploration of 'modernity' is inevitably the exploration of various aspects of 'convention'. Therefore, the discussion in Chapter VI forms a valid conclusion of the study. It is essential to observe that a firm belief in the relationship between the nature of language and poetry in that language is an underlying 'theory' of the approach of the study. This 'theory' is re-confirmed through the examination of various texts on Thai versification. The study is intended as a 'tribute' to a rather unexplored domain of modern Thai poetry or, at least, as an invitation and inspiration for future exploration to come.
SOAS University of London
1984
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28444/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28444/1/10670120.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28445
2023-09-28T10:20:44Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
National integration and the vicissitudes of state power in Ghana : The political incorporation of Likpe, a border community, 1945-1986.
1991
Nugent, Paul Christopher
10.25501/SOAS.00028445
Proquest
This is a study of the processes through which the former Togoland Trust Territory has come to constitute an integral part of modern Ghana. As the section of the country that was most recently appended, the territory has often seemed the most likely candidate for the eruption of separatist tendencies. The comparative weakness of such tendencies, in spite of economic crisis and governmental failure, deserves closer examination. This study adopts an approach which is local in focus (the area being Likpe), but one which endeavours at every stage to link the analysis to unfolding processes at the Regional and national levels. Part One of the thesis deals with the background to, and the trajectory of, the Togoland unification movement which surfaced after 1945. Both the appeal of the movement and its inherent limitations are attributed to the legacy of uneven development bequeathed by a minimalist colonial state. Having presented an overview of the movement, the third Chapter examines the intersection between local politics and the strength of opinion on the unification question in Likpe. The generational differences between the contending parties, which are related to educational indices, help to explain not only the victory of the Convention People's Party, but also the triumph of the integrationist ideal. Furthermore, it is possible to account for the greater receptivity of the Central Togo minorities in the light of the marks left by British administrative policy. Part Two assesses the impact of the deteriorating environment of the 1970s upon political consciousness in the Volta Region. The failure of the secessionist movement is examined, as is the contention that most rural communities preferred simply to retreat from the centre. Particular attention is paid to cross- border smuggling, which has been little studied, and to the political ramifications thereof. This section draws both on extensive interviews amongst the Bakpele, whose experience of these events is most distinctive, as well as on official documentation. Part Three considers the efforts of the Rawlings regime to more closely integrate centre and periphery, whilst returning to a nonstatist model of governance. The revolutionary phase and the subsequent change of direction are both examined through the prism of Likpe. An analysis is made of government efforts to stamp out smuggling with the active cooperation of border communities. The final Chapter evaluates local reactions to the political reform programme, which turned out to be supportive yet at variance with the official perspective. The introductory and concluding Chapters endeavour to tease out the implications of the study for the wider debate concerning the interaction between state and civil society in contemporary Africa.
SOAS University of London
1991
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28445/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28445/1/10672604.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28446
2023-09-28T10:20:44Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
A study of the plays of Chen Baichen.
1991
Chan, L-Y. A.
10.25501/SOAS.00028446
Proquest
Chen Baichen (1908 - ) was one of the most prolific playwrights in China during the 1930s and 1940s, which was the golden age of modern Chinese drama. His plays range from the most serious and pathetic to the fantastic and farcical, drawing material from legends, historical events, current and contemporary issues. The object of this study is to investigate the range and quality of Chen's plays, and thence to identify those characteristics which he shared with other modern Chinese playwrights and those peculiar to him. This thesis consists of six chapters. The first two are of introductory nature, giving an idea of the objective and methods used in the study, as well as some background information on Chen's life and his playwriting career. Chapters three to five carry the main emphasis of the thesis, dealing with Chen's plays written during different stages in his life. Each chapter is devoted to one period, and detailed analysis of Chen's plays is preceded by a general review of his plays written during the period. Nine plays, which are representative of Chen's development, are selected for detailed discussion. These plays reflect the wide range of Chen's works, which embraced the historical play, satirical comedy and serious drama. Heed is taken of the realistic aspects, as well as the aesthetic values of the plays, but the playwright's power of dramatic expression is given the main attention in the analysis. In addition, comparisons between Chen's plays and other plays written during the same period at-e drawn wherever appropriate, so as to give a fairer assessment Chen's plays. The concluding chapter. Chapter 6, sums up the characteristics of Chen's plays and assesses Chen's place in the history of modern Chinese drama. Chen was unique in his creation of a wide range of high quality plays, especially during the 1930s and 1940s when he enjoyed most creative freedom. But like most of his fellows, Chen's prolific period was followed abruptly by long years of quiescence. Creative freedom was smothered by contraints (external and internal), and Chen's greatest success in playwriting still lies in his pre-1949 works.
SOAS University of London
1991
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28446/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28446/1/10672605.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28447
2023-09-28T10:20:44Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
The law and policy of state enterprises in post-Mao China.
1992
Fu, Tingmei
10.25501/SOAS.00028447
Proquest
This research is aimed at analyzing the legal aspects of state enterprise reform in the People's Republic of China. It attempts not only to explain relevant laws and regulations in the context of China's complex economic, social and political environments, but also to reveal the basic nature and the practice of these laws and regulations. Since the late 1970s, considerable efforts have been made by the Chinese authorities to use formal laws and regulations to adjust different and often conflicting interests emerging in the course of the programme of reforms, and, in particular, to reshape and protect the rights and interests of state enterprises. Among the most noteworthy of the efforts at state enterprise reform are the official conferment of legal personality and management rights to state enterprises, the establishment of a director responsibility system, the adoption of a bankruptcy law, and employment of the contracting system for settling the government -- enterprise relationship. These attempts have had some effect, and state enterprises have gained the capacity to act as independent legal entities. Furthermore, state enterprises, in some places and from time to time, have come to possess a certain degree of autonomy which was impossible prior to the reforms. Nevertheless, these efforts have not been as effective and authoritative as they were designed and expected to be. Many enacted laws and regulations have not been followed in practice. Indeed, in many respects, they are readily undermined or even completely disregarded. The relevant laws and regulations are strongly policy-oriented. Being the mere embodiment of state policies, they can be easily undermined as a result of policy changes. The ineffective application of many laws and regulations is due less to the defects in their legal and technical provisions than to the ambiguity and uncertainty of the policies underlying state enterprise reform.
SOAS University of London
1992
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28447/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28447/1/10672606.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28448
2023-09-28T10:20:45Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Divination in the Niger Delta with reference to Epie-Atissa community.
1988
Fefegha, Sunday Alawei
10.25501/SOAS.00028448
Proquest
This thesis focuses on various aspects of divinatory practices in Epie-Atissa, in the Central Niger Delta of Nigeria, which fall into two main categories, namely: the communal and individual or private types of divination. There are two main instruments for communal divination - the aganaga, 'ladder' divination and its variation, the ugbolo, 'staff' divination. The first is restricted specifically for post-mortem divination, which determines how the dead is buried, that is, if he or she died practising 'witchcraft', ida or not. This is ascertained through Utoken, 'the Earth goddess', to the 'ancestors', inibudu. The second, ugbolo divination is used in connection with other crisis related catastrophes, such as sickness, etc., except death. Both are restricted to communal 'shrines', ugula under the idiomu, operated by men only. The third are the individual or private types of divination which are open to both men and women diviners who make use of various instruments, under an elaborate, ritualistic system. When examined in the light of some of the prevailing theories on the phenomenology of divination in Africa, it was discovered that divinatory practices in Epie-Atissa fall within the categories of possession and intuitive types, with characteristics appertaining to them. Lacking, however, is wisdom divination which is practised among the Yoruba, notable of which is the Ifa divination, and also among the Ibo. An attempt has therefore been made to explain why this is lacking in Epie-Atissa. This thesis therefore assembles some of the most important types of divination in Epie-Atissa, describes, analyses and examines them in the light of various prevailing theories about divinatory practices. It is in several ways a typological study of divination which highlights the praxis, functions and characteristics of these various types of divination. It explains why people become diviners, the various clientele, the reasons for going to the diviners, and the economic importance of this occupation in Epie-Atissa.
SOAS University of London
1988
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28448/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28448/1/10672607.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28449
2023-01-23T19:07:50Z
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28450
2023-09-28T10:20:45Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Mahmud Shaltut (d.1963), modern Muslim scholar and reformer.
1988
Zebiri, Katharine Patricia
10.25501/SOAS.00028450
Proquest
The thesis deals with Mahmud Shaltut (Shaykh al-Azhar 1958-63), an important contemporary Muslim scholar and reformer. Following a chapter on Shaltut's life and reform work at the Azhar, the material is divided into three major chapters, on tafsir, law and social issues. The chapter on tafsir describes the innovations of the Muhammad cAbduh school of tafsir and the work of certain key scholars prior to Shaltut, with a brief description of developments after Shaltut. A detailed analysis of his methodology with reference to form and content aims to show the extent of his contribution to that development. The chapter on law is divided into four sections: (1) the sources of law, where we see Shaltut's theoretical exposition of the workings of the Sharica; (2) Shaltut's fatwas, which illustrate his practical application of those principles; (3) penal law, chosen as a case study because Shaltut deals with it in considerable depth, and (4) comparative jurisprudence, an area in which Shaltut took an especial interest in connection with his work for al-taqrib bayna al-madhahib (the coordination of the schools of law). The chapter on social issues initially describes the normative values of Islamic society, then proceeds to describe aspects of the contemporary reality, with reference to the impact of imperialism and the religious response to the needs of the modern age in general. The ideal and the real are thus juxtaposed in a way which reflects Shaltut's own writings. In this area comparative analysis is of particular value in view of the widely differing responses to particular issues; we have selected for discussion controversial issues such as polygamy, birth control and financial transactions, in order to highlight those differences. An attempt has been made throughout to place Shaltut within the context of modern Muslim scholarship and to define his own contribution in each area.
SOAS University of London
1988
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28450/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28450/1/10672609.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28451
2023-09-28T10:20:46Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
The development of Swazi cotton cultivation, 1904-85.
1989
Sikhondze, B. A. B.
10.25501/SOAS.00028451
Proquest
Settler farmers in Swaziland failed in their attempt to confine cotton production to their estates partly because of capital limitations. During the First World War some Swazi had fought hard to legitimise cotton production by them, and this became manifest in the 1920s and 1930s when early Swazi cotton growing entrepreneurs emerged, particularly notable being the role of Swazi pastors of religion. But since the cotton price was low, Swazi advances were limited until the late 1950s when some growers made relatively great strides in cotton cultivation especially in the south eastern area. External brokers provided credit for prosperous growers while neglecting other groups, and their produce remained insignificant. Other cultivators among the progressive farmers already owned cattle which were invested in cotton production. Swazi exploitation of credit provided by brokers, the Colonial State, and Swazi Administration in the late 1960s, facilitated social differentiation among cotton growers. Properous growers began to purchase title deed land by the late 1960s, and more in the mid-1970s. At that juncture cotton production expanded due to its high price which attracted more growers from less suited parts of the territory. With prosperity in cotton, traditional cattle were cross-bred to sell for more money to finance cotton. Rich entrepreneurs added other businesses to cotton growing. Cotton expansion led to the formation of a cooperative in south east Swaziland to facilitate trade. To link the area to the rest of the territory, due to multiplied economic activities there, the infrastructure was improved, and economic progress was promoted. Schools, clinics and shops were provided by the cotton growing community.
SOAS University of London
1989
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28451/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28451/1/10672610.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28452
2023-09-28T10:20:46Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Indian monetary policy and the international liquidity crisis during the inter-war years (1919-1939).
1989
Balachandran, G.
10.25501/SOAS.00028452
Proquest
This thesis examines the multi-lateral considerations that, in our view, underlay the formulation of monetary policy in India in the period between the two world wars. During and after the First World War, Britain faced a severe liquidity crisis. We argue that monetary policy in India was formulated to take account of this crisis. Traditionally, India was a large absorber of gold on the non-monetary account. The persistent aim of British monetary policy in the Indian context during the entire interwar period was that of not allowing India to set up a monetary demand for gold in addition to her non-monetary demand for it and secondly, through deflationary policies (including exchange rate adjustments), to limit India's non-monetary gold demands to the minimum. Indian gold exports during the depression, which gave room for manoeuvre in the management of the sterling after September 1931, were a logical sequel to this policy. The British liquidity crisis in this period took the form of her current account surpluses being inadequate to support a high level of overseas lending. Besides, in an uncertain financial environment, Britain was a large short-term debtor as the British bank rate acted as much to increase her short-term liabilities as it did by calling in her short-term assets. The British desire to return to gold at the pre-1914 parity required domestic deflation which itself was a matter of severe political contention. In the circumstances, Britain hoped her return to gold would be accomplished by a US inflation and US export of capital. Compounding this situation was the thinly veiled fear, in Britain, of the erosion of the key currency role of the sterling and the loss of its global financial leadership to the USA. Control over Indian monetary policy and its outcome proved valuable to Britain in this environment.
SOAS University of London
1989
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28452/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28452/1/10672611.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28453
2023-09-28T10:20:46Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Issues in the analysis of Yoruba tone.
1988
Oyetade, Benjamin A.
10.25501/SOAS.00028453
Proquest
This thesis presents an autosegmental analysis of the tonal phonology of Yoruba. It utilizes a fully specified matrix of Yoruba tone features by contrast with recent 'underspecified-autosegmental' accounts. My contention is that, in the bid to apply tonal underspecification theory to Yoruba, my predecessors have not provided a proper account of certain processes. The work is laid out in eight chapters. Chapter One gives a general overview of the whole work. Chapter Two provides a brief introduction to Yoruba and highlights the controversial and non-controversial aspects of its tonology. The claims of autosegmental phonology and its application and relevance to Yoruba are discussed in Chapter Three. Chapters Four and Five deal with explanations of tonal processes within lexical items and across word boundaries respectively. Processes of linking, delinking, relinking, spreading, and freeing involving High, Mid and Low tones provide evidence that, whatever the diachronic facts of the Mid tone, Yoruba is still better analysed synchronically as having an underlying three-term tonal contrast. Claims relating to the hierarchical representation of tone features and the theory of tonal underspecification and proposals for the representation of multiple tone heights are examined in Chapter Six. It is also suggested that the Yoruba Mid tone is not to be seen exclusively as involving a split in either the lower or the higher register; and the analysis of the Yoruba mid tone as null or zero is challenged on the basis of the data discussed in Chapters Four and Five. I propose that, though certain instances of Yoruba mid tone may be analysed as being derived, not all cases can be explained in this manner. Finally, I propose further that a "base three" tone feature system rather than a "base two" system be adapted to suit Yoruba. Chapter Seven examines tone deletion both in the underspecified-autosegmental model and in the present analysis. It is pointed out that the analysis of tone deletion within the underspecified-autosegmental model has a number of problems, and that it is preferable to distinguish "tone deletion proper" from cases of tone lowering and tone raising. Chapter Eight, which examines a number of residual problems relating to polarity in a three-term tone system such as that of Yoruba, concludes the thesis.
SOAS University of London
1988
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28453/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28453/1/10672612.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28454
2023-09-28T10:20:46Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
African Christian theology : Processes of theological reflection in Zaire.
1988
Gordon Molyneux, K.
10.25501/SOAS.00028454
Proquest
African Christian Theology' represents attempts on the part of African Christians to 'own' their theological reflection, rather than borrow it from others. This in turn means taking seriously their African heritage or 'identity'. Chapter 1 of the thesis examines the theological quest in the broader context of political, educational, literary, and religious factors in sub-Saharan Africa. All of these fields display a parallel search for 'personhood', a determination to move from being object to being subject. Considerable attention is paid to the causes and dynamics of religious Independency. 'African Theology' has not emerged from the Independent churches, but it is sympathetic to their cause and has taken up theologically some of their concerns. The remaining three chapters of the thesis are devoted to the one country of Zaire, and more specifically, to three contrastive 'styles' of theological reflection. It is the argument of the thesis that 'theologizing' is done in a wide range of sectors of society. Chapter 2 examines the most prominent and (to the West) most familiar of these processes of theologizing, - the academic and literary one. Selected to Illustrate this process is Kinshasa's Faculty of Catholic Theology. Reflecting the Faculty's historical links with the rigorous academic standards of its mother-university Louvain (Belgium), it has achieved international recognition as one of Black Africa's foremost centres of research and was at the centre of the debate on 'African Theology' in the 1960s. The Faculty's emphasis on publication has contributed significantly to the influence of the institution. Academic research and publication might constitute the most prestigious sector of the theological process, and the most 'exportable' in the international literary world, but It represents only a small part of the total scene of African Christians expressing and communicating their beliefs. Chapter 3 looks to the other end of the spectrum as it explores the area of 'oral theology' illustrated by the 'inspired' hymns of the Kimbanguist Church. The distinct characteristics of orality as opposed to literacy are considered. The oral sphere does not lend itself to neat, logical analysis as does the academic sector, yet it lies closer to the heart of spirituality, and to overlook it is to neglect a major aspect of African Christianity. Finally, Chapter 4 explores an experiment in Protestant contextual theologizing in North-East Zaire: seminars designed to effect an interaction between the gospel and contextual Issues. Involving participants who combined some theological background with close acquaintance with the 'grassroots' scene, these 'Gospel and Culture Seminars' might be placed somewhere between the oral and literary spheres. From this 'broad-spectrum' understanding of the total theological picture, the Conclusion seeks to draw out implications for theology Itself, for theological education, and for theological educators in Africa today.
SOAS University of London
1988
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28454/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28454/1/10672613.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28455
2023-09-28T10:20:47Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
An approach to the examination of land management considerations in a development planning process: Some aspects of the changing role of the Native Land Trust Board of Fiji, 1940-1985.
1988
Munro-Faure, Paul W.
10.25501/SOAS.00028455
Proquest
The thesis aims to identify a philosophical approach to the question of how we can attempt to resolve problems in the social sciences. Two particular problem areas that have geographical relevance in this area are development planning and the management of the land resource. Following this defined approach relevant areas of theory are discussed and assessed in the light of the philosophical criteria A conceptual framework within which a development planning process might operate is proposed, and linkages with land identified. This material is viewed in the context of relevant information drawn from the experience of Fiji. It is argued that all 'development' results from individual and joint decisions in any given system (or impingeing thereon) being converted into action Until such time as substantial advances are made in individual and group behavioural theory, understanding of processes operating and the ability to predict outcomes (which it is argued is essential for effective development planning) will be very restricted. Understanding and the accumulation of knowledge in such circumstances may depend not so much upon the construction and testing of hypotheses but upon the careful observation, recording and analysis of changes. In the present case, pressures and processes resulting in changes in the management of Native Land are considered using detailed materials from field research. Conclusions are drawn regarding the philosophical approach adopted, development planning and the developed conceptual framework, and the processes of change and impacts arising from the policies and operations of the Native Land Trust Board in the context of Fiji's development for the period 1940-1985.
SOAS University of London
1988
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28455/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28455/1/10672614.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28456
2023-09-28T10:20:47Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
A survey of representative land charters of the Ethiopian Empire (1314-1868) and related marginal notes in manuscripts in the British Library, the Royal Library and the university libraries of Cambridge and Manchester.
1992
Gebre-Meskel, Haddis
10.25501/SOAS.00028456
Proquest
The aim of this study is to compile and analyse information about ownership, sales and disputes of land in Ethiopia between 1314 and 1868 on the basis of documents which are preserved in the marginalia of Ethiopic manuscripts in the Collections of the British Library, the Royal Library at Windsor Castle and the University Libraries of Cambridge and Manchester. While the specifically royal charters were drawn up in some cases as far back as the early fourteenth century, numerous other documents dealing with sales and disputes of land were written between 1700 and 1868. In that year, these manuscripts were looted by members of the Napier Expedition after the citadel of Emperor Tewodros II fell into their hands and were subsequently brought to the United Kingdom. While almost all the royal charters were written in Ge'ez, the rest of the documents dealing with personal bequests or gifts, sales and disputes of land were written in Amharic and thus, apart from their historical significance, they are al.so important as they illustrate the development of modern Amharic. Out of some 2,100 documents which are preserved in the marginalia of 49 manuscripts, I have here selected 274 and it is hoped that they will serve as a representative documentation of the land tenure system and administration of land of the country for more than half a millennium. The number of documents dealt with in this thesis thus exceeds the number of those described by Conti Rossini, who translated some 100 other land charters and related notes compiled from the marginalia of Ethiopian manuscripts in the Bodleian Library at Oxford and in the Bibliotheque Nationale in Paris. The documents reproduced in this thesis are put in chronological order and an effort has been made to find the equivalent European dating whenever the documents fail to supply a precise date. The documents are also translated and annotated and are classified into five sections, namely: Church Lands, Private Lands, Crown Lands, Land Sales and Land Disputes. Copies of the transcripts of the original Amharic and Ge'ez documents are also included together with glossaries of titles and terms. As far as the locations of the lands referred to in the documents (i.e., personal land bequests or gifts, sales and disputes of land) are concerned, the city of Gondar and the regions around it are largely covered, while additional references to land grants to the sovereigns themselves and to members of the royal family, churches and individuals are also available for other areas of the country. The main findings of this study are that income from land, or more accurately a land tax, was used as a means to compel submission and obligation. The allocation or distribution of such an income to the Church and notable individuals was finely balanced and kept in equilibrium by the members of the Solomonic dynasty who ruled Ethiopia between the years 1314 and 1769. In the subsequent years, however, the country entered into the so called Era of the Princes (1769-1855), where local nobles succeeded in fragmenting the central power, so, in the absence of absolute power, the weak sovereigns were forced to grant ever more land to influential individuals rather than to the Church.
SOAS University of London
1992
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28456/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28456/1/10672615.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28457
2023-09-28T10:20:48Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Financial liberalisation and capital development : A theoretical evaluation of financial repression and structural reforms in Nigeria.
1992
Anyalezu, Nkem Guthlac
10.25501/SOAS.00028457
Proquest
The Theses examines some of the hypotheses advocated by some economists as the vital instrument toward economic growth and development. The works of Mckinnon, Shaw and the Neo-Structuralists were reviewed in great depth. Following the postulations of the Mckinnon - Shaw school and the Neo-Structuralists models, the role of interest rate in particular' in financial deepening and capital development became the centre piece of the study. In addition to that, is the demand for money, the effects of financial liberalisation and short run growth. Attempts were made to provide a contrast on the arguments advocated by the Mckinnon - Shaw school with those of Taylor et al ie the Neo-Structuralists. In support of the hypothesis that financial sector of an economy is important in its economic development, especially in a repressed economy, a thorough review of the Nigerian Financial System, Structure, Growth and Developments were provided in this thesis. The thesis also provides an indepth review of the Nigerian structural adjustment programme (SAP) and the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the World Bank. The objective of the dissertation, which provides the theme binding the chapters together, is a critical analysis of the operation of the structural adjustment programme for the financial sector, in the light of the theories of financial reform. The grouping into chapters provided a detailed overview of the main schools in financial development theory and the Nigerian economy. The thesis also relates to the dynamics of the demand and supply sides of the economy, the issues of foreign investment and policies and financial intermediation.
SOAS University of London
1992
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28457/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28457/1/10672616.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
M.Phil.
masters
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28458
2023-09-28T10:20:48Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Peasant agriculture and tenancy in Orissa (India) : A study of three villages at different levels of development, with special reference to share tenancy.
1992
Swain, Mamata
10.25501/SOAS.00028458
Proquest
A scrutiny of the theoretical literature on share tenancy reveals that there are two broad approaches to the study of the causes of tenancy, its efficiency implications and its dynamics: i.e. the neoclassical and the Marxist. Neoclassicals consider share tenancy as essentially a contractual arrangement, a rational response to imperfections in rural markets with the aim of improving allocative efficiency in a static setup. The imperfections may arise due to the inherent characteristics of rural markets such as risk, uncertainty, indivisibility, information asymmetry and moral hazard problems. By contrast, Marxists view share tenancy as essentially a production or class relation and a method of surplus appropriation, and a cause of agrarian stagnation in a dynamic context. The applicability of these two approaches to share tenancy is examined with primary data collected from three villages in Orissa in Eastern India. It is concluded that the Marxist approach is more powerful in studying share tenancy, in its addressing the problem in the context of a differentiated class society. Our study lends support to certain aspects of the Marxist approach, while some others are rejected.
SOAS University of London
1992
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28458/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28458/1/10672617.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28459
2023-09-28T10:20:48Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Nuclear phenomena in Brazilian Portuguese.
1992
Silva, Thais Cristofaro Alves da
10.25501/SOAS.00028459
Proquest
In this thesis we will analyse phonological phenomena which involve nuclear positions in Brazilian Portuguese. The theory of Charm and Government is the framework on which our analysis is based. We will discuss the distribution of Brazilian Portuguese vowels with respect to the primary stressed position which, we propose, is subject to charm constraints imposed on nuclear segments. Emphasis is placed on analysing vowel coalescence in Brazilian Portuguese. Specifically, we will consider phonological processes which involve vowel- glide alternations. We will argue that whether a high vowel alternates or fails to alternate with its corresponding glide depends on the governing relations that adjacent nuclear positions contract with each other. Our analysis aims not only to provide a general account for the occurrence of high vowels and glides, but also to determine how glides are phonologically interpreted in Brazilian Portuguese.
SOAS University of London
1992
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28459/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28459/1/10672618.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28460
2023-09-28T10:20:48Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Author, publisher and Gikuyu nationalist: The life and writings of Gakaara wa Wanjau.
1992
Pugliese, Cristiana
10.25501/SOAS.00028460
Proquest
The dissertation presents the life and writings of a major and the most prolific writer and publisher in Gikuyu, Gakaara wa Wanjau, whose activity has never ceased in the last fifty years. The thesis is structured in two parts with appendices; Part One, "Gakaara and the History of Kenya" sketches a historical background to the activities of Gakaara from his childhood days at Tumutumu Church of Scotland mission station to the early nineties. It also outlines the early studies of the Gikuyu language and traditions and early writings in Gikuyu by other Gikuyu authors. Part Two, "Gakaara and His Writings", introduces Gakaara's linguistic and orthographic concerns. It also analyses his primers and his pamphlet on English linguistic interferences in Gikuyu. It examines the impact of the Bible on Gakaara in his formative years and the vernacular press which flourished in the forties; it assesses the influence of the short story correspondence course he received from Britain, while in detention, in the early fifties. Part Two goes on to examine the nature and structure of Gakaara's fictional writings. It singles out their most relevant stylistic features and suggests a possible framework which can be applied to Gakaara's narratives. It -3- also focuses on the presentation of characters and on those "human types" which recur most often in his works. The dissertation also includes three appendices: an extensive interview with Gakaara, English translations of selected writings by Gakaara and a bibliography of Gikuyu studies.
SOAS University of London
1992
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28460/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28460/1/10672619.pdf
text
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28461
2023-09-28T10:20:48Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
The Shahsavan of Azarbaijan: A study of political and economic change in a Middle Eastern tribal society.
1972
Tapper, Richard Lionel
10.25501/SOAS.00028461
Proquest
This is a study of the economic and political organization of the Shahsavan, nomadic and semi-nomadic pastoralists inhabiting the region of northeast Azarbaijan (Persia), and arises from fieldwork carried out among them and from an examination of historical records relating to them. Until very recently the Shahsavan formed a confederation of some 30-40 tribes, but now much of this overall political organization has been dismantled by the Persian Government. The central theme of the study is the changing relationship between the nomadic groups and their economic and political environment. For the purposes of analysis I have divided the study into two parts. In Part I, I show how the organization of the nomadic community - a corporate group of roughly thirty households and the basic social and political unit of Shahsavan society - can be understood in terms of a few cultural principles and ecological and other constraints. The argument proceeds in a cumulative fashion by analysis of the household organization, herding and husbandry activities, camping patterns, kinship and affinal relationships within the community, and finally ritual organization and leadership. The community elder emerges as the key political figure in Shahsavan nomadic society today. However, the role played by the elder, the nature of some of the principles and constraints affecting the organization of the community, the grosser economic and political patterns of tribal organization and the manner in which the nomadic groups are encapsulated within the tribe, the region and the Persian State, can be fully understood only by an extended discussion of the processes of economic, political and ideological change of which these features are largely the result. In Part II, I attempt to provide such an understanding through an examination of the historical development of the tribal confederation, and conclude with an analysis of the organization of the tribes and the political role of their chiefs.
SOAS University of London
1972
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28461/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28461/1/10672620.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28462
2023-09-28T10:20:49Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
History of the worship of Sri in North India to cir. A.D. 550.
1971
Saraswati, Bandana
10.25501/SOAS.00028462
Proquest
This work aims at a full-length study of the history of Sri in N.India to the end of the Gupta rule. It consists of an introduction, five main chapters, a concluding chapter and an appendix. Chapter I discusses the abstractions, Sri and Laksmi as they are found in the Vedic literature and traces the gradual development into the form of a goddess embodying these abstract concepts. Chapter II is devoted to the study of the importance of the Srisukta in the evolution of the proper Sri-Laksmi concept, both in the religious and the iconographic sphere. Chapter III analyses some of the salient features of selected early divinities to determine the extent to which they anticipated Sri-Laksmi. Chapter IV considers the growing attachment of Sri Laksmi to Visnu and also discusses her association with various gods. Chapter V makes a critical study of the extant images of Sri both in her individual aspect and in association with Visnu. It also examines her iconographic resemblances to various other goddesses and the resultant syncretistic images. Chapter VI (Conclusion) presents a brief resume of the foregoing chapters and attempts an evaluation of Sri's standing in the Hindu world.
SOAS University of London
1971
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28462/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28462/1/10672621.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28463
2023-09-28T10:20:49Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Social change and marriage patterns in the North Western Himalayas (i.e. Churaha, Pangi and Ladakh).
1971
Brar, B. S.
10.25501/SOAS.00028463
Proquest
I have suggested here a new approach based on power relations for understanding the social organisation in North India in general and in the North Western Himalayas in particular. The importance of marriage in defining the social structure is generally well recognised. But its direct involvement with power relations and widely different implications of this involvement for dominant and dependant sections of the population has not been explored so far. Marriage norms (for instance hypergamy) in a dominant section of the population or in a more developed area have the capacity to create exactly opposite norms elsewhere. Particular changes provide only dramatic illustrations of this phenomenon. What is normally referred to as traditional social organisation is far from being static or uniform. It is inherently dynamic and closely follows the changes in power relations. I have made it clear by working along three dimensions namely spatial, hierarchical and temporal. This approach has given me a. new way of looking at particular problems concerning stratification and social mobility, co existence of widely different forms of marriage, marriage stability, kinship relations, position of women etc. In explaining the differences in particular values and practices in different areas, this approach is directly opposed to that of a culturologist who tends to stress the lack of interaction instead.
SOAS University of London
1971
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28463/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28463/1/10672622.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28464
2023-09-28T10:20:49Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Bengalee Moslem public opinion as reflected in the vernacular press between 1901 and 1930.
1971
Islam, Mustafa N.
10.25501/SOAS.00028464
Proquest
The purpose of this thesis is to portray Bengalee Moslem Public Opinion as reflected in the Bengalee Moslem Press from 1901 to 1930. The thesis falls into two parts. The first comprising chapters I to VI, deals roughly, though not exclusively, with the external relations of the Bengalee Moslem community with : the Moslem World of the Middle East (Chapter I); the British and the Hindus in political matters (ChapterII); the Hindu community generally (Chapter III); Moslem reactions to Hindu-oriented Bengali Literature (Chapter IV); Moslem reactions to the Hindu-dominated educational system introduced by the British (Chapter V); and Moslem reactions to the Hindu-dominated economy introduced by the British (Chapter VI), An underlying theme during this first part of the thesis is the increasing consciousness of Moslems of their own identity and their attempts to preserve it by separatist efforts. This same theme continues throughout the second part dealing with press clippings on Language (Chapter VII) and Society (Chapter VIII), but here the internal relations within Bengalee Moslem society gain prominence especially in relation to what was ultimately to be their mother-tongue, Bengalee or Urdu; and where in fact did the unity of their society lie.
SOAS University of London
1971
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28464/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28464/1/10672623.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28465
2023-09-28T10:20:50Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
A study of the sources and development of the lexicon of Sierra Leone Krio.
1971
Hancock, Ian Francis
10.25501/SOAS.00028465
Proquest
This thesis traces the origins and development of Sierra Leone Krio vocabulary, based upon the writer's own study and manuscript dictionary of that language, and on work with informants for most of the donor languages dealt with. Part I deals with European-African contacts from the 15th to the 19th century, and with creolization as a linguistic process developing from this contact. Various theories of creolization are discussed, and the hypothesis advanced that Krio did not pass through a pidgin stage as is generally maintained, but became nativized during the first generation of speakers, and pidginized later. This chapter is followed by a discussion of the sociolinguistic aspects of Krio, and a description of Krio phonology. Part II examines European material in Krio, the most important of which sources being English. The special role of the nautical varieties of the language in the 16th-19th centuries is emphasized. Regional and Archaic British forms which are still retained in Krio are also discussed. Parts III and IV deal with the African-derived items in Krio; from these chapters it is apparent that out of the complex multilingual situation of 19th century Freetown, comparatively few African languages have had any far-reaching impact upon Krio, and then usually only in specialized areas of the lexicon. Part Y is concerned with items derived from Arabic, all of which have entered Krio via one or more other West African languages. The majority of these items occur in a solely Islamic context. Part VI covers other aspects of Krio vocabulary: items coined within Krio itself, having no apparent cognates outside the language, compounded forms traceable to two (or more) different source languages, 'convergence' forms with two or more equally likely etymologies, English-derived items calqued on African models, items obsolete in modern Krio but recorded in 19th century literature, and items for which no satisfactory etymologies have yet been found. Part VII (appendices) comprises the acknowledgements and list of informants, and the bibliography, including several references for Sierra Leone Krio not consulted in the preparation of this thesis. The final section is an alphabetical word-index to all the items discussed, (ca. 3,000).
SOAS University of London
1971
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28465/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28465/1/10672624.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28466
2023-09-28T10:20:50Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Telling stories about the authority of place : Ethnographizing Tudi Gong in contemporary Taiwan.
1998
Dell'Orto, Alessandro
10.25501/SOAS.00028466
Proquest
This thesis examines the cult of Tudi Gong, the 'spirit of the place,' both as a religio-social phenomenon of intrinsic interest, but also as an 'appropriate vehicle' and a 'fixed reference point' for exploring and analysing the dynamic social changes which have been occurring in contemporary Taiwan, and people's strategic adaptations to these changes. Despite the prevalence and popularity of the 'spirit of the place' among the people of Taiwan, there is a dearth of discursive attention to the figure of Tudi Gong in anthropological literature. In the six substantive chapters of the thesis, particular attention is given to the changing Taiwanese senses of place, community and identity, in addition, reflecting upon his ethnographic fieldwork, the author also engages in a theoretical discussion on ethnographic writing as well as on a number of key concepts related to the notions of place and space. In the first section of the thesis, the initial chapter presents the ethnographic data from Datong district in Taibei city with an emphasis on the various Tudi Gong temples and their connections with the local historical development of the places in which they are sited. The second chapter focuses on the small rural village of Yongxing in Nantou county. In particular, it dwells upon the place of Tudi Gong cults in the village and the villagers' senses of attachment to place/community. In the third chapter the author speculates on the extent to which the previous two chapters, although belonging to the same research topic, seem to show a substantial variation in the form of writing and in the way knowledge, understanding and senses of the places in question have been presented in an ethnographic account. The author notes that although anthropologists have discussed issues regarding the extent to which their writings may represent and shape places and cultures, the question of whether the places and cultures they study may shape and dictate the style and tenor of their ethnographic writing does not seem to have been coherently addressed in anthropological literature. The second section starts with a comprehensive as well as ethnographically detailed fourth chapter on the 'functions' and connotations of Tudi Gong in contemporary Taiwan. The following chapter draws on a wide variety of oral and textual materials as well as iconographies and representations of Tudi Gong in the various mass media (e.g. television, newspapers, etc.). By these means, the author hopes to give the reader a flavour of the ways the Taiwanese talk of, experience, represent and write about Tudi Gong in the practice of everyday life. It also seeks to make a contribution to the debate about representation in anthropology. Chapter six argues that the study of Tudi Gong in contemporary Taiwan is a relevant locus from which to understand and discuss local senses of place, community and identity as well as informing, from an unorthodox perspective, the analysis of Chinese religion in Taiwan's changing society. The conclusion combines the findings of both sections and challenges anthropology to reassess the position of an anthropology of place in the discipline.
SOAS University of London
1998
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28466/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28466/1/10672625.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28467
2023-09-28T10:20:51Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
The politics of time : 'Primitives' and the writing of history in Colonial Bengal.
1998
Banerjee, Prathama
10.25501/SOAS.00028467
Proquest
Abstract Not Provided.
SOAS University of London
1998
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28467/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28467/1/10672626.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28468
2023-09-28T10:20:51Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Economic plans and the evolution of economic nationalism in Siam in the 1930s.
1998
Nanbara, Makoto
10.25501/SOAS.00028468
Proquest
This thesis is concerned with the economic plans of Siam and the evolution of economic nationalism in Siam in the 1930s, but particularly the period from the overthrow of the absolute monarchy in June 1932. The opening chapter outlines the main themes of the thesis. Chapter 2 provides an outline of the main features of the Siamese economy In the 1920s and 1930s, and examines the main analyses by Thai and foreign scholars of the origins of Siamese economic underdevelopment. Chapter 3 is concerned with the economic plans of Mangkorn Samsen, Pridi and Phra Sarasas, while chapter 4 is concerned with a number of the less important economic plans introduced at that time. These plans were submitted by various groups, not only the Siamese elite but also the middle class. Chapter 5 examines more analytically all these plans, in the context of the evolution of economic nationalism in the inter-war decades. There are three views on the origin of economic nationalism in Siam: that it developed in the reign of Rama 6 (1910-1925), in the constitutional revolution in 1932, or as part of Phibun's nationalism in 1939. These views ignore the relationship between the three periods of economic nationalism. This study shows the continuity and discontinuity in economic nationalism between these periods. Chapter 5 further examines the role of the middle class. Chapter 6 considers the development of the co-operative movement in Siam from 1917, while chapter 7 focuses on the various plans and proposals in this period to establish a central bank. Chapter 8 is the conclusion.
SOAS University of London
1998
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28468/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28468/1/10672627.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28469
2023-09-28T10:20:51Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
On the competitiveness, emergence and regional links of financial centres.
1999
Fattouh, Bassam
10.25501/SOAS.00028469
Proquest
The purposes of this thesis are first, to provide a general framework to analyse the location of financial activity, second, to study the emergence and evolution of banking centres centres and finally, to test empirically several hypotheses related to banking centres and their links with regional economies. In the first part of the thesis, we examine the impact of information asymmetry on the degree of centralisation of banking activity by incorporating spatial factors in a model of credit rationing. We next discuss the main factors that push bank to locate near each other and explore how pecuniary externalities in the form of backward and forward linkages can generate a powerful agglomeration force in the banking industry. We also analyse the path dependence process in financial centres and the conditions under which this process can be broken. In the second part of the thesis, we make an important contribution to the literature by providing an original theoretical framework to explain the emergence and evolution of banking centres. Unlike the existing literature which attributes the emergence of banking centres only to differences in regulatory and tax structure or other inherent geographical attributes, our model emphasises the importance of economies of scale in financial intermediation as being the major determinant of emergence. This allows for an element of indeterminacy in the model and hence other factors such as historical chance or "first mover" advantage can play an important role in determining which country emerges as a financial centre. The theoretical framework is then extended to examine the evolution of cross border banking over time and the determinants of the nature of banking systems; issues which remain unexplored in the literature on banking centres. In the last part of the thesis, we provide an empirical analysis on the main determinants of banks' location using new data series and a novel empirical approach which takes into account the major features of banking centres. Finally, we provide a novel empirical analysis of the links between banking centres' financial development and regional economic activity, using Hong Kong as a study case.
SOAS University of London
1999
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28469/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28469/1/10672628.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28470
2023-09-28T10:20:52Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Writing and identity in the short stories of Sidaoru'ang (1975-1990).
1995
Harrison, Rachel V.
10.25501/SOAS.00028470
Proquest
This thesis makes the theoretical assumption that literary analysis will consider the interraction between the reader, the writer and the texts. The Introduction explains the significance of Sidaoru'ang and her short story writing in the context of contemporary Thai literature and of academic studies of the literature of South East Asia. It discusses some problems in addressing the various audiences who may find this work of interest. In addition it outlines the theoretical approach taken in this study. Chapter One discusses Sidaoru'ang's own personal background, defining the significant events and influences which led her to begin writing short stories in the 1970s. Chapter Two provides synopses and an analysis of Sidaoru'ang's short stories published in the initial stage of her literary career, between 1975 and 1976. It sets these works in the context of her own development as a writer and within the troubled political climate in which she was working. Chapter Three examines the effects of the aftermath of October 6, 1976 on Sidaoru'ang's fiction. It goes on to discuss the broadening range of themes with which Sidaoru'ang began to deal as her interests moved away from political activism and towards the family and motherhood. Chapter Four attests to a much stronger identity in Sidaoru'ang herself, both resulting from, and conveyed in, her writing. In this period of her career, from 1983-1986, her major concern lies with themes of isolation and incarceration, silencing and suppression, sexual inequality and madness. Chapter Five concentrates largely upon the highly experimental form of Sidaoru'ang's writing during the 1987-1990 period of her work. As a result of having consolidated her literary career Sidaoru'ang's stories demonstrate a more playful and experimental approach to themes which have interested her since the 1980s. In conclusion this thesis asserts that the relationship between Sidaoru'ang's own identity and her short story writing is one of complex interdependence. The act of writing serves the purpose of allowing Sidoaru'ang to assert herself in an environment very different from the one in which she originated; and her short stories themselves are often investigations of highly personal issues which contribute to the consolidation of her identity. Appendices include a detailed list of the publishing history of each of Sidaoru'ang's short stories, a list of literary awards made to Sidaoru'ang, and translations into English of four of her texts, one from each period of her work delineated in Chapters Two-Five.
SOAS University of London
1995
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28470/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28470/1/10672629.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28471
2023-09-28T10:20:52Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
An information-based theory of topics and grammatical relations.
1999
Gregory, Howard A. O.
10.25501/SOAS.00028471
Proquest
This dissertation proposes a formal semantic characterization of topichood and an account of the relationship between Topic and core Grammatical Relations. The theoretical framework employed is a form of HPSG (Pollard & Sag (1994)). The notion of Topic has been widely invoked in descriptions both of sentence structure and of intersentential discourse relations. Despite this a formal characterization of this notion is lacking in the literature. It is proposed here that Topics should be seen as predication targets at an underlying semantic level, and that the Topic-Comment relation is analogous to that between possible worlds (situations) and the propositional contents which they support. A Topic is interpreted as a point whose location has to be fixed in some conceptual space formed by the Comments, and this metaphor is extended to the overall Topic of a discourse sequence. Formally, it is suggested that Topics and Comments can be treated as the points and open sets respectively of a topological space. It is claimed that this captures well-known semantic restrictions on which NPs can be made Topics of a sentence. The proposed treatment is also extended to intersentential Topic relations. This account of Topics is made the basis of a revision to the relational hierarchy, which underlies many relational theories of grammar. It is proposed that basic predicates in language are maximally binary and sensitive to topichood, their initial Subject being the default predication target or Topic. Predicates of greater valency are treated as composite, and the effects of the relational hierarchy are derived from rules governing the process of composition. A number of cross-linguistic phenomena are examined which bear on the relationship between Topics and core Grammatical Relations, including the double Subject constructions characteristic of Japanese and other East Asian languages, the clitic doubling of Objects which is an areal phenomenon of the Balkans, and the so called "Object agreement" of Amharic. Finally a chapter is devoted to the nature of Indirect Objects, which are argued (against standard views) to rank above Direct Objects. It is claimed that with this approach an important part of the relational basis of syntax can be derived, without losing descriptive accuracy, from the proposed treatment of predication.
SOAS University of London
1999
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28471/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28471/1/10672630.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28472
2023-09-28T10:20:52Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Sufism and curing.
1985
Lucas, J.
10.25501/SOAS.00028472
Proquest
This thesis is primarily concerned with the relationship between Sufism and curing. Other topics necessary to the understanding of this main area are additionally considered: an introduction is provided to Sufism per se, as an expression of Islamic mysticism; there is a consideration of the role of emotion in Sufism and particularly of love, which is also discussed with relevance to Middle Eastern society; then the main body of the thesis deals with the subject of Sufism and healing. This introduction explores theology and the history of Sufism, and also anthropologists' views of Sufism and its ritual. The chapter on emotion is included as a necessary comment on one aspect of the causation of psychiatric problems: emotionality. The main subject of the thesis guides this inclusion, as it explores in detail the healing of psychiatric illness by Sufis in the Middle East and North India, beginning with a discussion of Islamic cosmology and of psychiatric illness and spirit possession, and progressing on to consider the model of Sufism as psychotherapy. This explores the central notion of Sufism and curing with some comparisons with other types of indigenous psychiatric healing. Lastly baraka, that particularly Islamic notion of 'grace', 'blessing' or 'Spiritual power' is examined, as it is upon baraka's existence that Sufi healing power is based.
SOAS University of London
1985
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28472/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28472/1/10672631.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
M.Phil.
masters
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28473
2023-09-28T10:20:53Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Evaluation and management of renewable land resources in NE Iraq.
1986
Nasser, M. H.
10.25501/SOAS.00028473
Proquest
In the north-east region of Iraq, special physical and institutional conditions have governed the use of the land resources. Both the physical environment and the socioeconomic structures have imposed great constraints on the management of agriculture and the land resources. The uneven terrain of the majority of the region is responsible for the generally poor soil conditions and substandard farm operations. Political instability, low management skills and depressed rural income have further inhibited enterprise and hindered improvement and conservation of the environment. In choosing a method for evaluating the land resources for rainfed agriculture and grazing, the FAO approach was selected. Fundamental to this approach is that a value (suitability class) given to a land unit is relevant only in relation to a clearly defined use. In view of the scarcity of data, difficulties associated with field verification and lack of detailed background surveys, broad (reconnaissance) inventories of the resources have been prepared, permitting the selection of possible future areas of development and of management priorities. In this method, the land resources have been appraised on an essentially qualitative basis, and economic analysis was carried out in general terras. Affected by erratic and sometimes insufficient rainfall, the agricultural lands of the region are largely under an extensive and traditional mode of rainfed agriculture. Driven primarily by considerations of survival, inputs in agriculture are minimised, and pressures for self- sufficiency have jeopardised chances of obtaining a high level of marketable surplus. Equally constrained are the region's grazing activities. In the absence of controls on utilisation, firm tenure and modern technology, the vegetation and soil fertility have progressively deteriorated, while farmers continue to increase their stocks to meet demand for livestock products in excess of available pasture. The study concludes with a commentary on the management options for the region, with a view to achieving a better standard of utilisation of the renewable land resources for the two major agricultural sectors in the north-east region, rainfed agriculture and grazing.
SOAS University of London
1986
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28473/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28473/1/10672632.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28474
2023-09-28T10:20:53Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
The history and development of the dome in front of the Mihrab.
1985
Bayati, B.
10.25501/SOAS.00028474
Proquest
Abstract Not Provided.
SOAS University of London
1985
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28474/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28474/1/10672633.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28475
2023-09-28T10:20:53Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
A study of analogical change : Vowel alternation in the verb in the Low German and Dutch dialects.
1985
Knott, J. M.
10.25501/SOAS.00028475
Proquest
The purpose of the thesis is to identify the analogical changes which have occurred within a large body of data, and to reduce these changes to a small number of types. Equally importantly, certain conceivable types of change which do not occur will be specified. To this end, the thesis investigates the history of various types of alternation affecting the root vowels of verbs in the Low German, Dutch and Flemish dialects (using data collected from grammars of approximately 80 such dialects). Particular attention is paid to the levelling of alternations and the replacement of one alternation by another. The first three chapters deal with certain important preliminaries. Chapter 1 contains an introduction to the data, followed by a brief account of the methodology employed, and the aims of the thesis. Chapter 2 discusses markedness theory, and its relevance to analogical change. Chapter 3 deals with aspects of the historical phonology of the dialects, from Proto-Germanic onwards, which are important for the subsequent discussion of the alternations. The next three chapters are each devoted to one of the types of alternation. In chapter 4 the history of the ablaut alternations is examined, from Pre-OS to the modern dialects. Chapter 5 deals with the "ej-raising" and umlaut alternations; and chapter 6 traces the development of alternations in vowel length. In the final two chapters, conclusions are drawn from the preceding discussion. Chapter 7 briefly considers the characteristics of the different types of alternations, and the relationships between them. In chapter 8, an analysis of the analogical changes observed in the data is attempted. Within the two broad categories of interparadigmatic and intraparadigmatic change, various types of change are isolated, their characteristic features are identified, and their motivation is discussed.
SOAS University of London
1985
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28475/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28475/1/10672634.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28476
2023-09-28T10:20:54Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
The influence of physical environment upon Arabian life and institutions.
1931
Inayatullah, S.
10.25501/SOAS.00028476
Proquest
The term 'physical Environment,' in relation to the Arabs, covers the climatic and other physico-geographic features of their homeland in respect of their directive and formative influences upon their life. Such features include the position of Arabia in relation to other lands; its relief and landscape; the nature of its soil; its climate (temperature, rainfall, etc.); its hydrography (system of drainage); its vegetation, etc. etc. These conditions of climate and physical environment form the chief basic factors in the evolution of the Arabs. They have influenced more or less their economic activity, their social and political organization; their physical and mental development and the general character and status of their material civilization. The problem of environmental influences thus resolves itself into a number of special problems. The varied economic activity of the pastoral nomads and settled agriculturists has a definite corresponding physico-geographic basis. Their economic development has in each case been further affected by the control of climatic conditions over the distribution of the animal and vegetable life, which they exploit. Environmental influences are also manifest in the primary elements of their material culture, viz. in the matter of their food, clothing, dwelling and general equipment, since man, especially it a low grade of civilization, satisfies his needs with what he finds around him. The physique of the Arabs and their general state of health have also been influenced by the geographical conditions, through the character and amount of food available for consumption and the salubrity or otherwise of their land. The social and political conditions of Arabia have been affected through the effect of its natural characteristics upon the measure of the stability of its inhabitants and of their cooperation and cohesion. The main features of the political life of the arabs become fully intelligible only when studied in relation to the physical conditions of their land. In the thesis now presented, the principles of human geography have been, for the first time, consistently applied to several aspects of Arabian life, and new light is in consequence shed upon the causes and inter-relations of a large number of facts, most of which, though already known, have not hitherto been studied from tine viewpoint of environmental influence.
SOAS University of London
1931
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28476/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28476/1/10672635.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28477
2023-09-28T10:20:54Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Ramanaija's conception of the Deity.
1930
Kumarappa, B.
10.25501/SOAS.00028477
Proquest
In the General Introduction a brief sketch of Remilinuja's life is given concluding with a few remarks which introduce Part I and II of the thesis. Part I attempts to survey the many forces which contributed to Ramanuja's view of the Deity, and accordingly deals in Chapter I with the conception at the Deity in the Upanisads, in Chapter II with that in the Bhagavad-gita, in Chapter III with the conception of the Deity in Pancaratra and Puranic literature, and in Chapter IV with the religion of the alvars. Each of these chapters falls naturally into three sections, the first dealing with the Nature of the Deity, the second with the relation of the Deity to the world, and the third with the relation of the Deity to the finite self. Part Ilk concerns itself with Ramanuja's view of the Deity. It is introduced by a few remarks regarding the place which Ramanuja assigns to empirical reason in matters pertaining to the Deity. The three chapters into which this Part is divided correspond with the three sections above enumerated, and deal with the same three topics.
SOAS University of London
1930
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28477/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28477/1/10672636.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28478
2023-09-28T10:20:54Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Estates and plantations in Java, 1812-1834.
1968
Knight, G. R.
10.25501/SOAS.00028478
Proquest
In the early nineteenth century there was a great deal of discussion in Dutch colonial circles as to the role which might be played by private European landowners and planters in the exploitation of Java's resources. Until the end of Dutch East India Company rule in 1808 there were few private estates owned by Europeans and few private European planters operating in the colony. However, large-scale land sales between 1808 and 1813, a more permissive attitude towards the settlement of European planters, and the high price paid for colonial produce on the European market at the close of the Napoleonic wars combined to alter this situation in a radical fashion. By the eighteen twenties private European landowners and planters were engaged in growing coffee, sugar and indigo, and there appeared to be a prospect that their efforts would provide the answer to the need of the Dutch colonial authorities to make Java productive of exportable produce. However, many of these private ventures ran into difficulties. In the case of coffee, the European landowners and planters encountered a formidable rival in the Indies government, which ran extensive coffee plantations itself, and which saw its position threatened by private competition. In the case of sugar and indigo, it was falling prices and a shortage of both capital and labour which combined to undermine the commercial basis of such ventures. By 1830 the private estates of West Java had largely gone over to growing rice for sale in the island itself. In the East Java littoral European planters continued to grow sugar and indigo for the export-market, but were faced with increasing difficulties. There is room for a variety of opinion here, but it may at least be suggested that they were only able to stay in business because of the help which they received from the Indies government and from the semi-official Netherlands Trading Society, It was against this background that in 1830 the government itself began to organise the large-scale production of exportable produce. The private estates and plantations, temporarily at least, moved into the background.
SOAS University of London
1968
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28478/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28478/1/10672637.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28479
2023-09-28T10:20:55Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
British policy and the Chinese revolutionary movement, 1895-1912.
1968
Sun, Mary Man-Yue
10.25501/SOAS.00028479
Proquest
This thesis traces British reactions to the development of the Chinese revolutionary movement from its beginnings in the British colony of Hong Kong, to the involvement of returned students in the Yangtze ports, the outbreak of the Revolution in October 1911, and finally studies Britain's role in the negotiations between the government and the revolutionaries leading to the peaceful establishment of the Chinese Republic. British policy in China was influenced variously by the China merchants, the missionaries and most important of all, by members of the Diplomatic and Consular Services in China, who were the only reliable sources of information emanating from a country geographically and culturally remote from Great Britain. In practical terms there was really no definite policy towards the Chinese revolutionary movement: Britain was caught in the dilemma between desire for conditions of peace and stability to enable her to carry on her main business in China, namely trade and commerce, and the hopes among many in the late Victorian period to see the Chinese undertake radical reforms in all aspects of their government and administration. This resulted in Britain's official stand of absolute neutrality and nonintervention when the Revolution finally erupted, while unofficially the British Legation in Peking was given free rein to influence the course of events in China by mediation and indirect pressure, to expediate the return to normalcy after the chaos of the Revolution. Policy-making in China was thus in the hands of those experts on the scene upon whose personal attitudes and idiosyncracies regarding reform and revolution in China statesmen in Britain depended.
SOAS University of London
1968
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28479/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28479/1/10672638.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28480
2023-01-17T19:08:06Z
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28481
2023-09-28T10:20:55Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
The Chinese Communist bases (Ken-Chü-Ti) in North China, 1938-1943 : A study of their growth and anti-Japanese activities, with special reference to administration and mass mobilization programmes at the village level.
1968
Lee, N.
10.25501/SOAS.00028481
Proquest
During the Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945), the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) established behind the Japanese lines four bases in north China which eventually became the main source of strength for the Communist victory over the KMT in 1949. In these bases the party played the leading role in uniting all anti-Japanese forces, and bringing the army under control, while good coordination was also maintained between the party headquarters in Yenan and the sub-bureaux behind the Japanese lines. The thesis shows that up to 1940 was a period of expansion, when the Communists succeeded in extending their control into the village, putting tenants and poor peasants in key positions to counteract the influence of the landlords. Mass mobilization programmes were also successful. In 1941-1942, the bases suffered a recession, however, as a result of tremendous Japanese military and economic pressure. In face of this threat, the CCP adopted a policy of retrenchment. With the launching of the Rectification Campaign in February 1942, the Communist position in the bases was strengthened, and reform programmes made the party better equipped to reassert its leadership. Mass mobilization was emphasized and the village became the base for the launching of important campaigns like those for the reduction of rent and interest, which succeeded by 1943 in arousing peasant political consciousness and effecting tremendous expansion in the organization of the people's armed forces of various descriptions, and the production teams. Japanese setbacks in the Pacific contributed further to Communist expansion, and by 1945, the CCP had become the dominant power in rural north China.
SOAS University of London
1968
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28481/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28481/1/10672640.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28482
2023-09-28T10:20:56Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
The life and works of Han Yongun.
1978
Houlahan, J. C.
10.25501/SOAS.00028482
Proquest
In this thesis I wish to present an ordered account of the life and works of Han Yongun. As a Buddhist priest and philosopher, as a poet and novelist, as an essayist and commentator on his own time the body of his work is many-faceted. This is reflected in the various views of his work. Some critics emphasise his nationalism and the part he played in the independence movements which followed the March 1, 1919 uprising and interpret his work in this light. Others concentrate on his most famous work The Silence of 'Nim' and stress his contribution to the new forms of modem Korean poetry. No modem anthology of Korean poetry is complete without an excerpt from this collection. Han Yongtu is a figure who still symbolizes for many Koreans their yearning for a national identity and a national culture which adapts itself to the twentieth century without destroying the sense of a unique past and an enduring intellectual and religious tradition. I hope to demonstrate in this account of his life and works that the unifying principle of his life was his deep commitment to the reform of Korean society through the social expression of his Buddhist philosophy. I believe that an understanding of his Essay on The Renewal of Korean Buddhism is crucial to the appreciation of his poetry and novels as well as to an understanding of his lifelong political activism. Ham Yongun's own philosophy was essentially secular and strongly influenced by nineteenth century European philosophy. Enlightenment was to be achieved in this world. His work can best be understood as an attempt to bring enlightenment to the mass of people through teaching and social reform.
SOAS University of London
1978
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28482/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28482/1/10672641.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
M.Phil.
masters
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28483
2023-09-28T10:20:56Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
The settlement of nomads in the Sudan : The case of Khashm el Girba agricultural scheme.
1977
Hoyle, S. G.
10.25501/SOAS.00028483
Proquest
The settlement of nomads in the Sudan is examined through an analysis of the performance of the scheme at Khaslum el Girba in geographical, economic and social terms. The first chapter deals with the methodology of the approach, while the next two chapters respectively give the background to the settlement of nomads in general, and the scheme at Khashm el Girba in particular. The following four chapters assess the success of the scheme's attempts to settle the nomads in a physical sense, and through economic performonce in and social conditions arising from the project's implementation. It is shown that, while there is a high rate of tenancy allocation, the actual numbers settled fall considerably below the expected level. It is further demonstrated that, due to various problems experienced on the scheme, the crop rotation barely provides an adequate income for the farm tenant, except were sufficient resources already exist to allow the required inputs. This results in many settlers retaining interests in their former way of life - pastoralism - while the economic structure of the society is perpetuated, thereby increasing the disparity between rich and poor. In the national context the scheme is shown to be successful, contributing significantly to the annual national budget. Socially the increased irevision of education and health facilities is shown to be beneficial, although malaria and bilharzia remain serious health problems. It is concluded that, while the scheme cannot be viewed as a couplets success, the settlers, through their adaptations, have achieved their own success by integrating crop production with livestock rearing, and that such an integration is a rational approach to the conditions existing in the area. It is therefore suggested that in future more attention need be paid to the people involved in agricultural production, as it is they who ultimately determine the overall performance of any scheme.
SOAS University of London
1977
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28483/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28483/1/10672642.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28484
2023-09-28T10:20:56Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
A critical edition of Imam Raghib al-Isfahani's manuscript "Durratul Tawil Wa Ghurratul Tanzil fil Ayat al-Mutasabihah Wal-Mutakarrirah".
1977
Siddiqi Khalid, Hafiz Mohammed
10.25501/SOAS.00028484
Proquest
This Thesis consists of a critical edition of Imam Raghib Al-Isfahani's manuscript "Durratul-Tawil Wa-Ghurratul-Tanzil fil Ayat-al-Mutashabihah Wal-Mutakarrirah". It comprises of an introduction consisting of five chapters the text of the manuscript with footnotes where-in the variants met with have been noted, and a list of subjects, chapters and verses quoted in the text. Chapter 1 of the introduction provides a brief account of the various manuscripts from which the text has been collated, their titles and the libraries. Chapter 2 deals with the authorship about which there is a confusion and this has been thrashed out. Chapter 5 gives information about the full name of the author, his life, his place among scholars and his other known books. Chapter 4 deals with his school of thought and establishes that he was one of the great scholars of Ahl-us-sunnah. Chapter 5 discusses the author's method of explanation as adopted in the manuscript and presents eleven examples of the Quranic verses which are rendered into English. They elucidate the similarity and repetition together with scholarly commentary by the author.
SOAS University of London
1977
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28484/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28484/1/10672643.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28485
2023-09-28T10:20:56Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Individual talent in the Hausa poetic tradition : A study of Akilu Aliyu and his art.
1977
Muhammad, D.
10.25501/SOAS.00028485
Proquest
The thesis examines a representative collection of works by the contemporary Hausa poet Akilu Aliyu in the context of Hausa verse generally and in particular the literate tradition. Chapter I outlines the relationship between the two traditions of Hausa verse (Waka) - the oral genre, Waka I, and the literate, Waka II, a biographical sketch of Akilu; and a thematic classification of the poems in the corpus. Chapter II describes the corpus in detail with regard to "segmental", syllabic rhyme (a traditional feature in the literate genre) and considers the extent to which Akilu conforms to or departs from this rhyme tradition. Chapter III demonstrates tonal or "suprasegmental" rhyme, a phenomenon conspicuous in the corpus but not hitherto observed for Hausa verse although it seems to be significant in both genres. Chapter IV, on prosodic rhythm, investigates how far Classical Arabic prosody on the one hand and Hausa Waka I on the other provide the rhythmic inspiration for Akilu as compared with other Waka II authors. Chapter V surveys Akilu's style in language, examining first various forms of poetic licence (dialect, register, loans, linguistic deviation, enjambment and run-on); then rhetorical patterning in parallelism of various types (phonological, morphological, syntactic, thematic, semantic, linking); and lastly figurative language (in the use of simile, metaphor, symbol and allegory). This final chapter concludes with a brief co-ordinating critical commentary to illustrate the convergence of features of thematic content, form and style in one poem, KALUBALE, considered as a unique artistic entity. Finally, it is concluded that while to some extent he follows the inherited tradition, Akilu has also developed and enriched it with his individual artistic talent. Appendix A lists alphabetically all the poems in the corpus with a note of some of their features, and Appendix B contains the text and translation of KALUBALE.
SOAS University of London
1977
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28485/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28485/1/10672644.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28486
2023-09-28T10:20:57Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
The Buddhist theme in late Ch'ing political thought, 1890-1911, with special reference to T'an Ssu-t'ung.
1977
Chan, Sin-wai
10.25501/SOAS.00028486
Proquest
In the present work the writer attempts a study of the religious, cultural and political significance of Buddhism in late Ch'ing intellectual thought through an examination of the writings of influential figures like Liang Ch'i-ch'ao, K'ang Yu-wei, Chang Ping-lin, and particularly T'an Ssu-t'ung. That Buddhism came to play a part in the reformers' thought was a result of several factors: the rekindled interest in Buddhism brought about through the efforts of laymen such as Yang Jen-shan, the need to find a counter-balance to Christianity, the search for a new unifying ideology for China as Confucianism crumbled before the challenge from the West, and the immense potentiality of Buddhism to cater for the intellectuals' diverse cultural and political purposes. T'an Ssu-t'ung's Jen-hsueh is chosen here to exemplify the use of Buddhism in late Ch'ing political thought. Buddhism not only served as the all-embracing school of his eclectic synthesis, it also formed the foundation of the major concepts in the treatise, and was closely related to his radical thinking. To T'an and other like-minded Buddhist intellectuals. Buddhism was not world- abnegating or pessimistic, but indigenous, 'this-worldly' and 'other- regarding'. As their writings show. Buddhism could be used to invalidate Christianity, to suggest that science and western philosophies had their roots in Chinese cultural tradition, to provide unity of thought, cultivate revolutionary character, uplift morality and dismantle deep-seated erroneous concepts and parochial views. This multifarious application of Buddhist doctrines in political thought was phenomenal, and it shows that while the search for wealth and power was of paramount importance to China, there were concerns which transcended the material level. The Buddhist theme in the late Ch'ing period thus manifests itself in many facets of the complex process of the cultural transformation from traditional to modern China.
SOAS University of London
1977
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28486/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28486/1/10672645.pdf
text
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28487
2023-09-28T10:20:57Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
The pattern of national political integration in China, 1949-54 : The role of the greater adminstrative regions.
1977
Keith, R. C.
10.25501/SOAS.00028487
Proquest
Discussion here is generally inclusive of perspective relating to the processes of national political integration in 1949-1954. Firstly, "political integration" is defined in terms of the creation of a new state super-structure, hence there is a review of the problems of integration in terms of the relation between levels of administration and between systems of organization such as the economic and financial departments of state administration. One must also consider the nature of the relation between general systems of army, Party and state. "Political integration" is secondly viewed in larger terms of the relation of the mass line to government. The pattern of national political integration is discussed generally in terms of the transposition of Yenan strategies of leadership and organization to the plane of national political development in the early 1950's. The pre-1949 "pattern" had been characterized by the inter-relation of armed struggle with various political and economic programmes, and it is important to note that the CCP came to power in 1949, already knowing how to govern. The various perspectives outlined above are very general, and the lines of this inquiry are more closely defined for purposes of research. Discussion is structured in terms of a focus on a particular level of administration, namely, the Greater Administrative Region. The pattern of centralization, affected by this level, in fact reveals the transposition of earlier experience to the plane of national political development. The role of this level of government is discussed in terms of several specific problem areas; for example, there is lengthy discussion of specific problems, relating to the creation of a national economy, but there is also discussion of the application of mass line techniques to government in terms of the role of supraprovincial government in the development of the mass campaigns of 1950-52. Many of the policies and strategies discussed are still very much relevant to present-day problems of organization, and it is hoped that a discussion of the pattern of national political integration in the early 1950's will further an understanding of organization in China today.
SOAS University of London
1977
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28487/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28487/1/10672646.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28488
2023-09-28T10:20:57Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Politics and the Indian community in West Malaysia and Singapore, 1945-1957.
1978
Brown, Rajeswary Ampalavanar
10.25501/SOAS.00028488
Proquest
This dissertation examines the political development of the Indian community in West Malaysia and Singapore in the period 1945 to 1957. It traces its transition from an essentially India-oriented community immediately after the Occupation to a more permanently-settled community in 1957, with a secure place in the Government of Independent Malaya. After an opening chapter outlining the main political features of the Malayan Indian community prior to 1945, the succeeding chapters, covering the period 1945-1957, are arranged thematically. They consider the impact of Indian nationalism on the local Malayan community, the politicization of Indian labour, the Indian response to the Malayan Union and the Federation Agreement, the participation of the Indians in formal politics, factionalism within the Indian community, and finally the alignment of the Malayan Indian Congress with the Alliance in the mid-1950's.
SOAS University of London
1978
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28488/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28488/1/10672647.pdf
text
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28489
2023-09-28T10:20:58Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Conflict between the Prophet Muhammad and the Mushrikun of Quraysh during the Meccan period in Arabic literature.
1977
Abu Bakar, B. B. H.
10.25501/SOAS.00028489
Proquest
The objective of this study is to illustrate the religious conflict between the Prophet Muhammad and the Mushrikun of Mecca and to study some of the poetry which was said in connection with the religious idea of that period. Although the study was connected with one part of the Arabic Literature, poetry, it is stressed more on the historical part of it. The first chapter deals with the historical Background of the Arabs' life before the advent of Islam, social, political, intellectual and religious. A more detailed study was given to the religious part of the pre-Islamic Arabs, as this is the most important point which led to the spiritual conflict between the Prophet and his fellow Qurayshites. A study of how they came to worship idols and verses of poetry which were said to glorify their idols. How did Christianity and Judaism reach Arabia and their influences in the life of the Arabs. The second chapter deals with the life of the Prophet Muhammad, his personality, his situation in the Meccan society, his prophethood and his early message to his people. This is then followed by the reaction of the Quraysh towards the new religion, which did not recognise their faith and belief and denounced their glorified and venerated idols. Why did the Quraysh reject Islam and refused Muhammad's prophecy? What are their movements against the Prophet, his followers and Islam? How did the Prophet face them? And finally the study of those people who took active parts and actions in stopping the Prophet from preaching Islam. The sources of study are based mostly on al-Qur' an and kutub al-tafsir as well as historical and Arabic literary sources. Quranic verses are translated with the help of the translation of al-Qur'an by Muhammad Yusuf 'Ali, Pickthall and others. Wabillahi al-taufiq.
SOAS University of London
1977
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28489/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28489/1/10672648.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
M.Phil.
masters
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28490
2023-09-28T10:20:58Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
The Zoroastrian temple cult of fire in archaeology and literature.
1978
Yamamoto, Y.
10.25501/SOAS.00028490
Proquest
Zoroastrians have long been called 'fire-worshippers'; but the question remains why only they should be termed so, since veneration of fire has been a wide-spread custom in the world, and since moreover the Zoroastrians themselves venerate not only fire, but other natural objects also. The particular characteristics of the Zoroastrian veneration of fire can be defined as follows: first, because they emphasize the purity of fire, they avoid as far as possible any contamination even of the hearth-fire. Second, they place a sacred fire, especially established and perpetually maintained, in a temple, and make offerings of three kinds, fuel, incense and fat, to it itself. However, if these particularities are considered as reasons for naming Zoroastrians 'fire-worshippers', the second one needs to be re-examined, for Zoroaster himself did not mention temple fires, and the concept of the temple fire is not found even in the later Avesta. According to Greek writers, the Persians in early Achaemenian times appear not to have had a temple cult. Nevertheless, some time in the fourth century B.C., possibly in the reign of Artaxerxes II, the temple cult of fire seems to have been established, perhaps in reaction to the image cult of Anahita. Since that time, the temple cult of fire has occupied a central part in Zoroastrian observance. The development of this cult can be traced from archaeological evidence, such as surviving fire altars and their representations on seals, coins and tomb-reliefs, and also from temple remains. There is also the evidence of the Pahlavi books, and the living Zoroastrian tradition.
SOAS University of London
1978
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28490/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28490/1/10672649.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
M.Phil.
masters
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28491
2023-09-28T10:20:58Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
The negotiation of marriage in the People's Republic of China.
1978
Croll, Elisabeth J.
10.25501/SOAS.00028491
Proquest
This thesis, based on documentary sources and a brief period of intensive interviewing in the People's Republic of China, is a study of the new marriage patterns as they have evolved in contemporary China and an analysis of the specific economic and ideological variables working for and against their social change. It examines the processes of change within the institution of marriage itself, in terms of the procedures of negotiation, the criteria governing choice of spouse, the age of marriage and its ritual and ceremonial forms. It argues that the substitution of the ideology of arranged marriage by that of free-choice marriage has not only brought the younger and older generations into direct conflict, but has brought the resources and sanctions of kin and neighbourhood groups into competition with those at the disposal of the State and new political associations. The variety of marriage patterns identified in this thesis derive from patterns of social behaviour evolved in the last two decades to mediate this competition between the generations and between primary and political groups for control of the marriage negotiations. The evidence suggests that these conflicts have been resolved in favour of the older generation and primary groups in rural areas and the younger generation and political associations in the urban social field. This thesis argues that in comparison to urban China, the structure and function of rural households has encouraged the older generation to defy the new ideology and maintain their authority over the marriage procedures, and that the structure and function of primary groups in rural areas has enabled them to retain their controls. In correlating marriage patterns with both social and economic relations within the household and between the household and primary kin or neighbourhood groups, this thesis questions both the analogies drawn from the comparative social fields of Republican China and Taiwan, and many of the factors believed to underlie this process of social change that have been assumed to operate within the People's Republic of China itself.
SOAS University of London
1978
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28491/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28491/1/10672650.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28492
2023-09-28T10:20:59Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
The puristic movement in Sinhalese (1922-1970).
1976
Gunasena, Ambala Kodituwakkuge
10.25501/SOAS.00028492
Proquest
The present study is an attempt to examine critically the Sinhalese puristic movement extending from the 1920's to 1970, which was inaugurated by Munidasa Kumaratunga and had as its objective the resuscitation in its wholeness of the framework of classical Sinhalese grammar and style. A brief discussion of the nature of Sinhalese diglossia with occasional relevant reference to other diglossic situations is included in chapter I both to illustrate the general character of Sinhalese and to show how it could be conducive to the rise and continuance of puristic endeavour. The same chapter also presents a thumbnail sketch of the history of Sinhalese in order to establish the historical origins of the dichotomy existing between written and spoken Sinhalese. The second chapter discusses the historical and linguistic background from the end of the fifteenth century which brings to an end the classical period of Sinhalese writing, and which the modern purists regarded as incepting a period of linguistic decadence. The first beginnings of puristic revivalism can be seen in the latter half of the eighteenth century and much of the nineteenth century with their nativistic tendency. These are dealt with in chapter III. Chapter IV is devoted to discussing the emergence of Kumaratunga, his linguistic objectives and the inception of his Hela Havula (Pure Sinhalese Fraternity). The fraternity's conception of language and its proper development together with its definition of grammar and correctness are taken into consideration in chapter V. Chapter VI is an analysis of the grammatical works of the movement which were designed to teach the Helese doctrine of perfection, The activities of the followers of Kumaratunga and their zealous endeavour to propagate his linguistic credo are dealt with in chapter VII. The final chapter discusses, firstly, the recent attempt of the Hela Havula to obtain authoritative recognition of its special linguistic features by using governmental backing to get them introduced into the state-sponsored Standard Sinhalese Grammar and the series of Sinhalese school text books. Secondly, it discusses the causes which led to the decline dying out of the Hela movement. Two appendices are included to illustrate some of the points discussed.
SOAS University of London
1976
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28492/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28492/1/10672651.pdf
text
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28493
2023-09-28T10:20:59Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
A phonetic and phonological study of some characteristic features of Telugu English including reference to the source and target languages.
1976
Prabhakar Babu, B. A.
10.25501/SOAS.00028493
Proquest
The purpose of this study is to examine the phonology of English spoken by educated Telugu speakers in southern India. Telugu English Is one of the non-native varieties of English. The study alms at interpreting the description of this variety of English in terms of the Influence of the source language (Telugu) on the target language (English). In order to assess the extent of Influence of the source language, a broad description of certain phonological and phonetic features of Telugu is given. Particular attention is drawn to the word structures in Telugu which are different from those in English. Both segmental and suprasegmental features are included in this work. Vowels and consonants, word accent, emphasis and intonation are the features examined both at the phonological as well as the phonetic levels. The patterns of Telugu English are broadly' compared with the patterns of Received Pronunciation of England. Instrumental work carried out includes palatographic evidence in support of the phonetic description of Telugu consonants. Mingograms are provided to illustrate the durational differences between emphatic and non-emphatic forms of Telugu words. The findings of this research point to three major phenomena: (1) Certain features are carried over from the source language (Telugu) to the target language (English). The carryover seems to be greater in respect of suprasegmental features (e.g., word accent, intonation) than the segmental features. (2) Certain features which are not characteristic of Telugu are acquired for English. (3) There are areas in which English patterns are kept distinct from Telugu patterns.
SOAS University of London
1976
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28493/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28493/1/10672652.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
M.Phil.
masters
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28494
2023-09-28T10:20:59Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
The evolution of the urban pattern of Southeast Asia during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
1976
Chong, Y. L.
10.25501/SOAS.00028494
Proquest
This is the first attempt of its kind made to analyse the evolution of the urban pattern of Southeast Asia as a whole during the 19th and 20th centuries. The main objective of this study is to collect sufficient information and data to fill in the "gaps" in our knowledge of the development of Southeast Asian cities. It empliasizes the influence of political and socio-economic changes on the growth of urban centres both in space and time. The study brings out the essential character of the Southeast Asian cities, i.e. it shows their growth, their decay and the different stages reached in the process of urban evolution. Chapter I outlines the general characteristics of the region which have direct or indirect influence upon urban development in the past as well as present. Chapter II addresses itself to the historical development of urban settlements in the early centuries. Emphasis is placed on the genesis of sacred-capital cities on mainland Southeast Asia as well as port-cities in the maritime part of the region. The development of early colonial cities in the Philippines and Indonesia is also examined. Urban development in the last 160 years was largely the result of a long interplay of colonial economic forces. Chapter III is devoted to an analysis of the drastic political and socio-economic changes which took place in the 19th century and how they generated the new urban network in the region. The 20th century witnessed the rapid spread of towns and cities over the surface of Southeast Asia. Chapter IV examines the changing pattern and the factors which led to this unprecedented urban growth. Chapter V focusses upon the development of metropolises in the region. With the aid of maps, their growth patterns are examined and characteristics described. Within the framework of the rank-size rule, the city-size distribution of each country is examined and its hierarchal characteristics analysed. The future urban pattern is being formed by today's process of growth. The concluding chapter looks at the problems facing Southeast Asian cities. Some suggestions are raised for a national urban policy and for a more positive approach to urban and regional planning in the region.
SOAS University of London
1976
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28494/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28494/1/10672653.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28495
2023-09-28T10:21:00Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Studies in the Bhakta Mâla of Nâbhâ Dâsa.
1963
Pollet, Gilbert
10.25501/SOAS.00028495
Proquest
These Studies in the Bhakta Mala consist of three parts. The first part contains an introductory chapter and a description of the manuscripts and editions. After a note on Nabha Dasa and on the scope of his work, the introduction deals with the approximate date of the Bhakta Mala and with the principles of its prosody. In the second chapter the manuscripts and editions are described and their genealogical relations are shown. A summary is given of the principles followed in constituting the text. Photocopies illustrate the peculiarities of the four manuscripts. In Mie second part, which coincides with the third chapter, the Braj text of ninety-five Bhakta Mala verses has been based on the collation of the four London manuscripts and of four editions. The third and last part contains an annotated English translation of the Braj text, followed by a glossary. In the fourth chapter it appeared useful to attempt a translation , since the Bhakta Mala has not as yet been translated or systematically commented on in a European language. The notes of the fifth chapter have a double aim. They intend to indicate the Sanskrit sources which Nabha Dasa amply used in the first twenty-seven verses. In the remaining verses the notes are meant to establish the historical features of the Vaisna-va saints and to extricate - if necessary with the help of Priya Dasa's commentary - the enigmatic legends. A glossary in the sixth chapter analyses the grammatical structure of the old Braj language as used by Nabha Dasa.
SOAS University of London
1963
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28495/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28495/1/10672654.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28496
2023-09-28T10:21:00Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Analysis of matter - rupa - in Theravada Buddhism with special reference to the Abhidhamma.
1963
Karunadasa, Y.
10.25501/SOAS.00028496
Proquest
This study constitutes an inquiry into the analysis of matter as expressed in the sources of Theravada Buddhism, specially in the later systematizations known as the Abhi-dhamma. The introductory chapter is devoted to an examination of the many senses, and contexts in which rupa - a term often used in the sense of matter - occurs; the definition of rupa in the sense of matter; and the general nature of the rupa-dhammas, i.e., the ultimate factors into which matter is analysed. These rupa-dhammas, twenty eight in all, are classified into two categories as primary and secondary. Chapter II deals with those that constitute the primary category and shows how they represent four properties of matter; solidity and extension; viscidity and cohesion; the temperature of cold and heat; distension and mobility. Chapter III examines the position of the secondary rupa-dhammas in relation to the primary and indicates how some of the former category stand for certain facts intimately connected with matter. Chapter IV deals with those secondary rupa-dhammas which in the Abhidhammic commentaries came to be recognised as real entities. This involves a discussion of five material sense-organs, four varieties of sense-objects, two faculties of sex, the material faculty of life, the nutritive "quality" of matter, and the physical basis of mental activity. Chapter V deals with those secondary rupa-dhararnas which in the Abhidhamrnic commentaries came to be recogniaed as nominal entities with no autonomous objective counterparts. This involves a discussion of two modes of self-expression, three characteristics and four phases of the matter of the body, and the space delimited by matter. Chapter VI introduces the many ways in which the rupa-dhammas are sought to be classified, and Chapter VII explains how their inter-dependence and inter-connection are sought to be established with reference to laws of causation and conditionality. Chapter VIII introduces the theory of rupaKalapas - the Theravada form of atomism - and shows how it presents a close analogy to the atomic theories of the schools of Sanskrit Buddhism. The concluding Chapter endeavours to determine the philosophical and the ethical basis of the Buddhist analysis of matter, and to understand the whole subject in the context of Buddhism as a religion.
SOAS University of London
1963
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28496/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28496/1/10672655.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28497
2023-09-28T10:21:00Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and the myth of imperial authority.
1998
Ansari, A. M.
10.25501/SOAS.00028497
Proquest
The thesis is an investigation into the concept of modem political myth and its relationship to ideology. It argues that political myth can best be understood as the personalisation or familiarisation of ideology, by which ideological constructions are identified either with an individual, normally a political leader, or are expressed in mythic representations familiar within a given state and drawn from the traditional myths which permeate the political cultures of that state. The thesis argues that the personalisation and possible personification of ideology is one of the most obvious methods of political myth production and notes that the inherent contradictions and tensions resulting from an attempt to identify an individual with a principle almost always results in the construction of political myth. Political myth construction and development remains dynamic and reciprocal in relation to its ideational and material environment. Iran during the Pahlavi period (1921-79) provides the case-study for the thesis, as a society in the process of profound social and economic change led by a government both enthusiastic and economically able to impose its own particular conception of development and modernity within a nationalistic framework, upon the country. The continued importance of personalities to the political process and then attempts to identify with particular ideologies provided cogent examples of political myth construction and development. With particular emphasis on Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the thesis shows the development of his ideological world-view, the initial reciprocal dynamic of these views, leading towards increasing identification, polarisation and isolation by the end of his reign. The thesis seeks to show how political myth was employed to naturalise and legitimise the Pahlavi Dynasty within the Iranian state. In charting the ideological development in the Pahlavi era, from traditional state towards a particular conception of modernity, political myth is seen to be not a uniquely modem phenomenon. However, the emergence of the modem mass media, especially in electronic form has resulted in the acceleration of political myth construction and its widespread and rapid dissemination. This technological change helps to differentiate modern political myth from its predecessors and given the continuing growth of the mass media, is likely to ensure that the concept of political myth wall be increasingly important to political discourse.
SOAS University of London
1998
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28497/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28497/1/10672656.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28498
2023-09-28T10:21:01Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Defining Zeren : Cultural politics in a Chinese village.
1999
Ku, H. B.
10.25501/SOAS.00028498
Proquest
This ethnography is writing about the popular resistance of villagers in postreform China. It focuses on the political discourse of villagers who imagine, create and transmit it in everyday life. When they carry out resistance to the state, they speak about how they view their government, what the ideal government-villager relationship is, what the principle of justice and equity is, as well as what their relations with their family, kin and village are, and how they view the good life. In their everyday practice, the evidence shows that there is an elaborate and pervasive principle of social contract or reciprocity, which underlies everyday social relationships. This principle is not only applied to person to person (e.g. villager and villager, villagers and cadres), it is also extended to the relationship between state and villagers. But the findings also tell that this principle is not an external norm/rule or institution/system which is static and unchangeable. It is transformed and reproduced by the villagers in everyday practices. The villagers strategically defined the meaning of zeren in terms of social contract for their own interest. When the state or the cadres violate their principle of zeren, villagers carry out resistance. In Ku Village, villagers' resistance is always in everyday form in order to avoid open confrontation and direct challenge to the state, because such open and organized activities are still dangerous and will probably be met with aimed force and bloodshed in socialist China. In their resistance, they are capable of formulating the rationale for their action discursively via defining and redefining the zeren of the government and their relationship with the state. They draw upon the memory and a rich variety of information from different sources for constructing their models of "good government" and "good cadre", with which they judge the government and local cadres, and then justify their resistance to the state policies. In post-reform China, collecting taxes, imposing fees and enforcing birth control have become the main arenas of conflict between state and villagers. The village cadres are always situated in a dilemma, which formulates an important characteristic of Chinese local politics. On the one hand, they have to implement the state policy; on the other hand, they do not want to hurt the personal relationship with the villagers because they are also bound by the principle of social reciprocity. So normally, they collude with the villagers and keep "one eye opened and one eye closed". At the specific historical moment, however, some village cadres collude with the state and do things against the interest of the villagers.
SOAS University of London
1999
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28498/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28498/1/10672657.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28499
2023-09-28T10:21:01Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
'Idealizing Motherhood' : The Brahmanical discourse on women in Ancient India (circa 500 BCE - 300 CE).
1999
Ray, Ujjayini
10.25501/SOAS.00028499
Proquest
This is a study of the Brahmanical discourse on women in ancient India between 500 BCE and 300 CE. It specifically addresses the question of the representation of women in certain Brahmanical texts which were composed, compiled and written down during this period. The thesis attempts to move away from a previous focus on the 'status of women' in ancient 'Hindu' India and from an uncritical acceptance of Brahmanical texts as reflective of social reality. Instead, it argues that under certain historical circumstances Brahmanism evolved a particular discourse on women. This discourse, subsequently expressed in its texts, saw women in essentialist terms, as sexually insatiable and, therefore, sinful. At the same time, however, Brahmanism recognized that women had a vital role to play in the reproduction of its envisioned social order, particularly in the maintenance of caste and lineage purity and the family (all three being important pillars of the Brahmanical social order). Therefore, women had to be controlled. My reading of the Brahmanical texts suggests that the method of control evolved by Brahmanism to deal with this apparent dilemma was the classification of women according to their reproductive abilities, a classification which served to distinguish the normative from the 'deviant' woman. In this scheme, the mother was the procreatrix and as such was accorded the highest status. Woman as the mother thus became the primary normative category. Furthermore, with motherhood came qualitative changes in a woman's kin and sexual status. Woman as wife or daughter formed the secondary normative category. She enjoyed the status of a potential procreatrix, being yet to fulfil her primary biological function. As a wife and daughter, therefore, a woman held an ambiguous kin position. She was regarded as sexually dangerous, which led to an emphasis on the wife's chastity and the daughter's virginity. This thesis argues that since, according to Brahmanism, a woman was defined by her reproductive abilities, one who was not (or could not be) a mother was by definition 'deviant'. This category included the widow, the woman ascetic and the vesya, women whose potential for procreation was not recognized socially. It has often been argued that Brahmanical texts objectify women and that a study of such texts perpetuates both the objectification of women and their portrayal as the 'other'. Therefore, after discussing the Brahmanical discourse on women, the thesis addresses the question of the agency of women in ancient India. While not totally agreeing with the current ethnographic studies on the 'subversive' activities of women within the patriarchal order, in its concluding section, this thesis examines questions relating to women's complicity with and resistance against Brahmanical norms and categorizations in ancient India.
SOAS University of London
1999
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28499/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28499/1/10672658.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28500
2023-09-28T10:21:01Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
On interpretive constraints and expletives: The case of the Standard French 'ne' element.
1998
Cornillon, Jeanne
10.25501/SOAS.00028500
Proquest
This thesis studies the particle ne in Standard French as it appears in the ne...pas/personne/rien and the ne...queXP structures. Based on the assumptions of a syntactic theory as developed in the Principles and Parameters, the thesis makes the following main claims: 1. Ne is an expletive. Its function is to satisfy a structural requirement on both the expression of sentence negation and association with focus. It is semantically defective, but it constrains the interpretation of the associate term it combines with (scope-marker function). 2. Some cross linguistic variations in the expression of sentence negation subsumed under a negative concord account are due to the special status of m as an expletive together with the requirement that each object must receive an independent interpretation at the interface with the Conceptual-Intentional system. 3. In the association with focus structure ne.queXP, the meaning of ne...que which is equivalent to [[only]] is not syntactically derived by combining a negative operator and an operator with the meaning of [[other than]], but built in the lexical element que. The unified account of ne in both the sentence negation and association with focus structures makes various empirical predictions. Ne, as a semantically defective element, cannot be free standing combining instead with a denotating element like pas or que, nor can it rescue a negative phrase inside an island although the ne...pas/personne/rien complex does. Ne, as a (clausal) scope marker, precludes local scope interpretations of its negative associates and the element que. Consequently, constituent negation is expressed by pas/personne/rien alone. The que element which combines with ne is excluded from positions where focus particles typically have local scope. In conclusion, cross linguistic variations cannot be reduced to structural constraints, interpretive requirements must also be taken into consideration.
SOAS University of London
1998
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28500/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28500/1/10672659.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28501
2023-09-28T10:21:02Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
An empirical investigation of Asia-Pacific stock markets.
1999
Yang, Su-Chin
10.25501/SOAS.00028501
Proquest
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of a decade of financial deregulation on stock markets in term of market integration within Asia-Pacific countries. It investigates the existence of inter-relationships between five emerging and two developed stock markets in the region. Then, it examines the 'causal' relationships between each market and its country's economic fundamentals. The study is comprised of three major sections of empirical analysis: In the first section, three tests, correlation coefficients, unit root tests, and cointegration tests, are used to examine the short-term as well as long-term changes in the co-movement patterns of Asia-Pacific stock markets before and after financial deregulation. The second section employs VAR model to estimate and analyze the dynamic interdependencies among Asia-Pacific stock markets and trace out the effects of shocks to those markets. It also examines whether there is one or more dominant or particularly influential market within the region. Finally, the third section investigates the existence of interactions between stock returns and domestic economic fundamentals by applying causality tests. It focuses on the predictive content of historical information of stock returns in explaining economic variables, and hence, it tests whether the economic variables do or do not Granger-cause stock returns, and vice versa. The study provides a number of interesting and important results which can help us to understand the nature of stock market integration as well as evolution of financial integration in this increasingly important region. The study suggests that financial liberalization has enhanced the inter-relationships among Asia-Pacific stock markets, and that therefore high capital controls account for instances of low interactions. The study shows that the effects of a shock to stock markets are completed within two days, indicating that stock markets adjust quickly, but not instantaneously, to all relevant information in the region. The study also finds that Japan and Hong Kong are the most influential markets in terms of their effects on other markets in the region. Moreover, the result of the absence of cointegration may simply rule out the existence of a long- run equilibrium tending relationship, but does not invalidate any short-run relationships which may arise due to profit-seeking opportunities in transactions. Furthermore, examining the 'causal' relationships between a stock market and economic fundamentals shows that the exchange rate and the corporate bond rate are the only two out of several factors tested that are 'causal' of stock returns in many markets in the Asia-Pacific region. In short, the results are consistent with the view that stock returns only respond to monetary variables. Hence, one possible implication is that most of the indicators of macroeconomic fundamentals in the Asia-Pacific region are not the predictors of stock returns and that information captured in a stock market does not reflect changes in its country's macroeconomic fundamentals.
SOAS University of London
1999
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28501/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28501/1/10672660.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28502
2023-09-28T10:21:02Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Artistry and effectiveness in language use: The evaluation of ways of speaking among the Berba of Benin.
1999
Czekelius, Annette R.
10.25501/SOAS.00028502
Proquest
This study is about artful speech and the politics of language use among the Berba, a small ethnic group of northern Benin. Despite their integration into a nation state, Berba can still be regarded as an essentially segmentary society. One of the most remarkable features of Berba culture is their highly developed verbal art, not only as regards the wide range of speech genres, but also the sophistication by which local critics assess generic properties and discuss notions of quality and verbal skill. In the investigation I examine three speech genres, namely political language, storytelling and proverb speaking. The thesis addresses two central issues: firstly, similarities and intersections in terms of generic properties and evaluative criteria, and, secondly, inspired by theories of the ethnography of speaking, genre and evaluative criteria in the dynamics of political language use. The discussion in the four central chapters (2-5) makes the following points on the basis of data presented; in the indigenous theory of political language, the key parameters in order to achieve rhetorical success are thoughtfulness, clarity and indirectness. This can directly be linked to the guiding principles of Berba local politics, which is oriented towards consensus building and conflict management, and hence promotes an ideal of persuasive argumentation (thoughtfulness, clarity) and a reconciliatory mode of speech (indirectness). As a comparative investigation reveals, the same properties are valued in the traditions of storytelling and proverb speaking, although for different reasons. While clear diction is indispensable in order to achieve rhetorical success in a storytelling event, it is allusive wording and metaphorical disguise (though with an explicative intent) which is esteemed in proverb speaking. In chapter 6 the example of a political debate brings together the different strands of investigation and illustrates how a number of speech strategies, centred around thoughtfulness, clarity and indirectness, co-occur during the speech event. In terms of the politics of language use observation of cross-generic interrelations substantiates the idea that a speaker, who has acquired verbal competence in one genre or domain of speaking, may usefully draw on the same skills in order to succeed in another.
SOAS University of London
1999
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28502/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28502/1/10672661.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28503
2023-09-28T10:21:02Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Information flows for African communities and their environments: An analysis of roles of geographical information in processes of decision making.
2000
Yoshida, Hiroyuki
10.25501/SOAS.00028503
Proquest
The identification of roles that geographical information can play in environmental decision making of, and for, African communities is the objective of this thesis. The hypothesis of this paper is as follows. Geographical information of Africa functions to reproduce and sustain environmental and socio-economic problems in the continent while maintaining various interests of research and decision making communities although such information are supposed to be used for the solution of those problems. The study also contends that emerging communication networks being most prominently actualised as the Internet have a potential to enable local communities to change the use / abuse of information about themselves and their environments. The analysis of current information flows via the concept of 'power' of Michael Foucault and according to the concept of simulation' of Jean Baudrillard suggests the need for examination of conventional information flows as alternatives to the status quo of decision making proces. Flows of scientific information arc self-perpetuating. They go through research communities collecting information from fields and decision making communities. Scientific suggestions are converted into agendas and actions. Imposed decisions resulting from these flows affect local communities and their enviroments. Research communities study such effects, and information flows repeat the process against and again Although individuals of the three types of communities - scientists, decision makers and local communities - may want "improvements" of some sort, institutions do not need any radical change. They only need a continuation of the self-perpetuation of the information flows for their survival. This phenomenon is termed the 'dynamic immobility' of the Foucauldian structure. A second feature of the information flows critically examined concerns the manipulation of the information by those 'producing' it. It is argued that the flows of geographical information on Africa delivered to the public by the mass media as news and reports contributes to the critical mass for implosion of meaning'. In such circumstances, the significance of African events such as famines and droughts themselves disappear, and only the illusion of a simplified and allegorised combination of tragedies and of humunitarian efforts are produced and circulated. The mass media do not simply provide information collected from the field to the public hut rather produce material to entertain and please the public by utilising various proper nouns such as placenames picked up from the fields in Africa. Just as scientific hypotheses are academic consumables for decision making communities in the Foucauldian sense, news and reports are humanitarian consumables for the public in the Baudrillardian sense. Individuals in African communities and those concerned with these communities need alternative information flows to verify and modify conventional decision making processes, Geographical information, not as an institutional tool for self-perpetuating production of policies and actions but as a process in which one individual informs his / her circumstance to another, can become an effective method to break out the status quo. The possibility of developing alternative information flows is considered using the case of Zapatista action in Mexico as reference. Findings from the analysis of the Zapatista case form a foundation for the development of methods of generating alternative information flows. The discussion of such methods includes an investigation of telematics in Africa Infrastructures for telecommunication with special reference to Internet connectivity of African countries and approaches to create geo-informatic products as interfaces for different perceptions held by the diverse communities in and around Africa need to be examined in this context Many African countries are, in fact, deeply involved in attempts to enhance Internet connectivity. It is also possible for individuals to process geographical data, the availability of which through the Internet is rapidly expanding, to check critically information circulating in the conventional decision making processes.
SOAS University of London
2000
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28503/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28503/1/10672662.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28504
2023-09-28T10:21:02Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Institutional altruism, invisible hands, and Good Samaritans: An anthropological examination of Hong Kong's Community Chest charity organization.
1997
Law, W. S.
10.25501/SOAS.00028504
Proquest
The discipline of social anthropology has been remarkably inattentive to the phenomenon and organizational practices of 'charity', and, associatedly, has been non-discursive in its treatment of social welfare. In this thesis, I endeavour to indicate that this disciplinary ignorance of charity and social welfare is to be regretted. Through my case-study analysis of the role of a key charitable organization in Hong Kong I hope to convince my readers of the relatively untapped potential of 'an anthropology of charity'. Cultural practices of charity and social welfare are sociologically significant and interesting in their own right, but can also illuminate wider social and political processes and structures from an unusual perspective. Attention to 'charity' has much to offer anthropology, but the obverse also holds, understandably, not been properly mindful of anthropological - particularly ethnographic - approaches. The nucleus of my research is the Community Chest, the most influential nongovernmental charitable organization in the colony (soon to be post-colony) of Hong Kong. In my thesis I examine inter cilia: the setting in which the Community Chest operates; its organizational structures and procedures; the cultural logic of donation; issues of entitlement; and the relationship between donors and recipients of charity. Throughout I am attentive to the linkages between charity provided by fiat is often called 'the voluntary sector', and social welfare as dispensed by the Hong Kong state. A key theme is the extent to which the Community Chest, despite its epithet as a nongovernmental organization, should be viewed as having a definite brokerage role between the state and Hong Kong's people. The institutionalization of altruism, which the Community Chest represents, does not escape the reach of the Hong Kong state. In a deliberate manner I utilize the Community Chest as a prism by which to scrutinize the 'borrowed time and borrowed place' that is contemporary Hong Kong. Not only is Hong Kong a global (and arguably postmodern) city, which has changed dynamically in recent decades, but existentially and psychologically its population is affected by the ever lurking shadow of the PRC regime to which Hong Kong will be handed over in July 1997. The Community Chest was established in 1968 at a time written both the Hong Kong state and society were undergoing radical changes. From the vantage point of the Community Chest I have been able to calibrate the transformations and continuities of the last three decades, and the not insignificant role played by charity and social welfare over that period. In addition to illuminating Hong Kong' s extraordinary contemporary situation, I hope also to have contributed to on-going theoretical debates in anthropology, sinology, and the social sciences generally. There is a burgeoning literature on gift exchange, entitlement, altruism, concepts of need and poverty, the role of NGOs in alleviating hardship, clientelism, and the role of mass media representations. I feel that my fieldwork research makes a contribution to discussion of each of these issues. My work contributes a further perspective from which to understand guanxi (personal networks) and renging (moral norms and human feelings) as axiomatic Chinese cultural constructions. I am also concerned with questions of citizenship, of community, of hybridity, of identity, of belonging, and of nationalism, all of which are especially fraught issues for people in contemporary Hong Kong. Finally, but deserving special mention - one of my chief ambitions has been to appraise the claims that the New Right makes for Hong Kong as the epitome of a ' leissez-faire' policy in which the state's interventions in terms of welfare provision are based on residualist principles. The New Right profess that Hong Kong is the free market economy, and that the voluntary sector and the market provide welfare effectively in the absence of state intervention. My research indicates that the Hong Kong state, despite its laissez-faire rhetoric, has been decisively interventionist. The Community Chest, set up ostensibly to generate and dispense charity from the voluntary sector, is ambivalently entangled with the hidden hands of both big business and the state.
SOAS University of London
1997
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28504/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28504/1/10672663.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28505
2023-09-28T10:21:02Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Livelihoods and environment in Southern Thai maritime villages.
1997
Ruohomaki, Olli-Pekka
10.25501/SOAS.00028505
Proquest
This thesis explores the diversification of local livelihood structure and the political economy of resource use in two maritime communities in Krabi, Southern Thailand. The thesis is divided into four parts as follows: Part I (i.e. Chapter 2) examines the political economy of resource use in the Andaman Sea region. The objective of Part I is to place the research sites in a larger political-economic framework and to delineate the main problems that are found in this region. Part II focuses on the research sites. After setting the geographical and historical contexts, the economic organisation of the communities are unravelled in chapter 3. Chapter 4 examines the village household and gender issues with case studies to illustrate the points made. Part III (i.e. Chapter 5) examines at length the sources and patterns of livelihood in the research sites. The various economic activities that villagers engage in are explored in detail and case studies are used to illustrate the arguments made. Part IV consists of chapters 6 and 7. The objective of these two chapters is to reflect on the dilemmas villagers face in confronting change and their responses. Chapter 6 outlines the collective meso-level responses of fishing communities against the conflicts over local resources examined in Part I. In addition, the role of external agencies, namely Thai nongovernmental organisations, in these collective meso-level responses of local fishing communities is considered. Chapter 7 considers the position of contemporary maritime villagers in the modern capitalist world-economy. Chapter 8 concludes the thesis by summarising the main points made and by reflecting on the relationship between livelihoods and the environment in Krabi.
SOAS University of London
1997
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28505/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28505/1/10672664.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28506
2023-09-28T10:21:03Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Legal and penal institutions within a middle-class perspective in Colonial Bengal : 1854-1910.
1996
Mukhopadhyay, Anindita
10.25501/SOAS.00028506
Proquest
This thesis illustrates and analyses the ambiguity of the Bengali middle-class perception regarding the colonial legal and penal institutions, specifically the criminal courts and the jails, in the second half of the nineteenth century. The institutional functioning of the criminal courts and the jails form a marginal part of the thesis. The main focus is the bhadralok perception of these institutions as the repository of "law and order" as established by the colonial rule of law. This thesis contends that though the perceived need for preserving law and order through the rule of law came from the colonial government in the first half of the nineteenth century, it had the approval of the bhadralok. It is further argued that the categories of the criminals in the Bengal Presidency (or province), generated by the colonial government at the site of the criminal courts and the jails, were congruent with the divide separating the higher castes from the lower castes. These categories helped the bhadralok to take on a non-criminal identity, based on their perception of the colonial discourse on the criminal classes. Further, from the mid nineteenth century to the late nineteenth century, the increasing familiarity with the courts and the jails enabled the bhadralok, on the basis of their own changing experience, to construct a non-criminal identity for themselves. The central theme of the thesis is therefore the evolution of a bhadralok noncriminal identity revolving around their experience of the courts and the jails throughout the mid to late nineteenth century. On the basis of this non-criminal identity, the bhadralok in the late nineteenth century stood in opposition to the colonial government's mechanisms of control, namely the criminal courts and the jails, by questioning its right to impose such control on a non-criminal section of society, and thereby immediately imbuing the colonial government with illegality and oppression. But this was possible only after the identity of criminality had been grafted onto the lower sections of the society, the chhotolok. as it enabled the bhadralok to construct the mental image of the criminal courts and the jails as generally applicable only to the chhotolok. This, in turn, rendered the site of the criminal courts and the jails as spaces reserved for the lower sections of society. The first decade of the twentieth century is examined briefly to bring out the contrast of this period as against the bhadralok discourse evolving through the mid to late nineteenth century, which had set out the space of the criminal courts and the jails as desecrated space, unfit for the bhadralok to occupy. Against this background, the national movement endowed the legal and penal procedure with illegality and misrule of law, when they operated on the bhadralok as political prisoners. This was in diametrical contrast to the perception of the legitimacy of the legal and penal institutions when they operated on the chhotolok with the end of preserving law and order through these two institutions.
SOAS University of London
1996
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28506/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28506/1/10672665.pdf
text
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28507
2023-09-28T10:21:03Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Pronominal clitics in Tsonga and Mozambican Portuguese : A comparative study.
1997
Matsinhe, S. F.
10.25501/SOAS.00028507
Proquest
This thesis contrasts the system of pronominal clitics (also known as subject and object markers) in Tsonga, a Bantu language spoken in Mozambique, with that of European Portuguese; and seeks to establish how the co-existence of the two languages in the bilingual section of the community is reflected in the variety of Portuguese spoken by Tsonga native speakers, referred to here as "Popular Mozambican Portuguese (PMP)". The theoretical framework within which the languages are analyzed is Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG), which has been used extensively in the past for describing subject and object markers in Bantu languages. In addition, it has a mechanism for differentiating between grammatical and anaphoric agreement, which is a central issue in the syntax of Tsonga and European Portuguese pronominal clitics. Chapter 1 outlines the aims of the thesis, and the structure and administration of the questionnaire used to investigate the usage of pronominal clitics in PMP. It also discusses the position of Tsonga and European Portuguese in the Mozambican constellation of languages; and presents the main aspects of LFG relevant to the thesis. Chapter 2 discusses the Tsonga class and number system and the European Portuguese systems of number, gender and case, features of which are signalled by the pronominal clitics. Chapter 3 looks at the argument structure and syntax of verbs in both languages, focusing on the types of objects selected by different verbs, and on the ways such objects are marked in these languages. Furthermore, this chapter also considers Tsonga verbs which are derived by means of the applicative and causative affixes. Chapter 4 is the core of the thesis. For, while dealing with the subject and object pronominal clitics in Tsonga and European Portuguese, concentrating on the main distributional and functional differences between them, it seeks to determine the conditions under which the pronominal clitics mark anaphoric agreement and grammatical agreement in the two languages. It also provides an account of independent pronouns in Tsonga and European Portuguese, paying particularattention to their discourse functions. Chapter 5 discusses the Tsonga reflexive marker, comparing it with its counterpart in European Portuguese and considering its distribution and the effects on the verbs that host it. It also argues that while the situation of the reflexive markers in other Bantu languages remains unclear in the literature, the Tsonga reflexive marker is nothing more than a derivational suffix and, therefore, should be treated in conjunction with the applicative, causative, passive and reciprocal affixes. Chapter 6 discusses the pattern of grammatical variation found in the forms and function of the pronominal clitics in PMP, concluding with a general consideration as regards the future of the Portuguese language in Mozambique. Chapter 7 contains concluding remarks which highlight the the results of the thesis.
SOAS University of London
1997
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28507/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28507/1/10672666.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28508
2023-09-28T10:21:03Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Movement and optionality in syntax.
1997
Pettiward, A. M.
10.25501/SOAS.00028508
Proquest
This thesis concerns itself with the core syntactic phenomenon traditionally thought of within Principles and Parameters approaches in terms of movement. The point of departure is the observation that in two important respects, the characterization of this phenomenon in the recent Minimalist model of grammar (Chomsky 1993, 1995) (in terms of the operation Move) seems to fall short of that in the earlier GB model (Chomsky 1981, 1986) (in terms of the rule Move-a): first, the notion that movement operations apply freely seems impossible to maintain - a theoretical inadequacy; second, there is no obvious way of dealing with "optionality" phenomena - an empirical inadequacy. This thesis argues, however, that these apparent serious inadequacies of the Minimalist framework are in fact principledly soluble, and crucially without reverting to a GB-type model.The thesis falls into two parts, corresponding to the theoretical and empirical problems noted above. The central proposal of Part I is the Copy Hypothesis (Chapter 2): "all copies in a chain are active in the computational system". The relevance of this proposal is that, due ultimately to very fundamental properties of the standard Minimalist model, it actually appears impossible to maintain the notion that movement operations apply to any element - contrary to the Copy Hypothesis. However, I show how general conditions on movement are in fact sufficient to properly regulate the activity of traces, and give detailed arguments against Chomsky's (1995) proposal that "trace is immobile". Further to this, I show that the Copy Hypothesis has empirical applications involving the behaviour of wh-objects and associates of there in English, as well as computational complexity implications (Chapters 3 and 4). The Copy Hypothesis of Chapter 2 goes on to play an important role in Part II, in which I takes up the topic of optionality. The economy principles assumed to constrain derivations (in particular Last Resort) seem to exclude the possibility of optionality within the computational system. Since there is a certain amount of data which do appear to involve such optionality, the Minimalist framework evidently faces a major empirical problem, again seeming to lose out earlier models in which optionality data could be characterized simply in terms of optional application of Move-a. In Chapters 5 and 6, I show that there is in fact scope for some syntactic optionality within the derivational economy system. A system is developed whereby economy conditions in conjunction with feature properties of lexical items can derive variation in the timing of movement relative to Spell-Out. In this way, I account for optionality data (plus associated non-optionality effects) from French (optionality of participle agreement), English and Swedish (optional partial associate-movement with non-Case/agreement-checking expletives there and det 'it'), Icelandic, German and Dutch (optional overt Object Shift).
SOAS University of London
1997
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28508/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28508/1/10672667.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28509
2023-09-28T10:21:03Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
A struggle for representation : The international media treatment of South Africa, 1972-1979.
1997
Sanders, J. A.
10.25501/SOAS.00028509
Proquest
Between 1972 and 1979, the politicians and officials of South Africa's Department of Information attempted to manipulate and neutralise the international media's treatment of South Africa. This programme of activity was exposed at the end of the decade in what became known as the Information scandal. Meanwhile, in Europe and North America, South African exiles and British and American citizens opposed to apartheid, campaigned under the banner of 'anti-apartheid'. Foreign correspondents in South Africa numbered little more than a dozen in 1972. By the end of the 1970s, they had become a formidable force. This expansion was directly related to events on the ground, most notably the South African invasion of Angola (1975) and the Soweto uprising (1976). The introduction of the Cold War to the southern African sub-continent transformed the nature of the international media's coverage, leading, eventually, to a greater American media presence in South Africa. The increased number of American journalists, resident in the Republic, served to expand the scope of the debate regarding the intertwining of colonialism and racism in apartheid. In general, Americans tended to represent South Africa as a metaphor for the racial problems of the United States, whereas British commentators discussed the country in the context of a decolonisation story that had somehow gone wrong. One of the most significant developments in the coverage of South Africa, during the 1970s, was the re-emergence of colonial representations of both Africans and Afrikaners. This followed the temporary' suspension of such representations in the 1960s. Despite the extensive efforts of the anti-apartheid movements and the Department of Information to influence the Stiuth African 'story', these shifts in representation appear to have originated with the international media. It should, however, be acknowledged that the British and American media's dependence on the South African English-language press remained profound throughout the decade.
SOAS University of London
1997
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28509/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28509/1/10672668.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28510
2023-09-28T10:21:04Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Working in a chain store : An ethnography of a Japanese company.
1995
Matsunaga, Louella
10.25501/SOAS.00028510
Proquest
This thesis is a study of "Futajimaya", a large chain store in suburban Tokyo, based on fieldwork conducted as a part-time employee at the store over a period of one year in 1990-91. This study aims to critically re-assess and deconstruct the view of Japanese companies as homogeneous, vertically structured groups characterised by harmony and consensus. Rather, a range of different representations of company-employee relations is shown to exist within the frame of a single large enterprise. Gender and generation are important themes, and the role of the company in mediating the transition to adulthood for its new recruits is examined, as is the importance of employment in the achievement of mature, gendered identities for both male and female employees. The thesis is structured with reference to the culturally significant categories of soto (outside) and uchi (inside), and traces the shifts in the way Japanese companies are represented according to context. It begins with the outside view as found in texts written for a foreign audience about Japanese companies in general, moving through a consideration of the ways in which three retail companies seek to represent themselves to that section of their domestic audience which furnishes their potential recruits, to an examination of the varying ways in which Futajimaya is viewed by its employees. Notions of harmony and conflict within the company are also examined, and the conclusion discusses the implications of this research for more general debates on outsider versus insider discourse and notions of formalisation and power.
SOAS University of London
1995
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28510/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28510/1/10672669.pdf
text
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28511
2023-09-28T10:21:04Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
The history of the Iraq Levies 1915-1932.
1997
Young, Robert Vernon Joseph
10.25501/SOAS.00028511
Proquest
This thesis is concerned with the origins and developments of a British-initiated force, known as "The Iraq Levies", which was raised during the Mesopotamian campaign of the First World War. This is a subject which had previously received very little rigorous historical study. The Force began with some forty mounted Arab scouts, recruited from Zubair in southern Mesopotamia by the Field Intelligence unit of the Imperial Expeditionary Force (I.E.F. 'D') in July 1915. By May 1922, the Force had expanded to approximately 6,000 officers and men, as against a planned 7,500 at the Cairo Conference. A survey of the performance and military background of several British officers who served with the Levies, was considered worthy of study. Mostly they came from the Indian Army, and thus were experienced in what may be described as "political soldiering" - an invaluable qualification for their service in Iraq. It was felt important that the different ethnic backgrounds and political aspirations, as well as religious loyalties represented in the ranks of the Levies required investigation to assist in an understanding of their motivation and service. Without a detailed review of these factors, it would be difficult to comprehend how a force which could be considered to owe its allegiance to its pay-masters, could undertake the task of internal security in so volatile a region as that of Iraq, especially during and after the First World War. When its political problems, both internal and external, had to be resolved by the British government which became the mandatory power. This thesis ends with the achievement of Iraq's independence in 1932. The Levies, however, were not finally disbanded until May 1955. That final section of their history was not to be without drama and incident; but it awaits the attention of another student who is interested in the nature and evolution of British Imperial Forces in the Middle East. Their day has now ended, but this thesis hopes to illuminate a little of their history and significance.
SOAS University of London
1997
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28511/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28511/1/10672670.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28512
2023-09-28T10:21:04Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
The creation of a legendary Orientalist : Sir John Woodroffe as Arthur Avalon in Calcutta.
1998
Taylor, Kathleen
10.25501/SOAS.00028512
Proquest
The thesis studies the collaboration between Sir John Woodroffe and his Bengali friend Atal Bihari Ghose. Together they created the pseudonymous orientalist Arthur Avalon who produced a considerable volume of works on Tantra from 1913 onwards, and brought about a revolution in attitudes to this previously despised branch of the Hindu religion. Woodroffe became identified with Avalon in the public eye, but Ghose was Woodroffe's chief source of the textual knowledge in which 'Arthur Avalon' appeared to be deeply versed. I try to assess Woodroffe's own relationship to Sanskrit and to the texts, and highlight his very extensive use of secondary sources and the knowledge of other Indian people besides Ghose. The thesis also focuses on Woodroffe's social identity in Calcutta which formed the context in which he 'was' Arthur Avalon. To a very unusual degree for someone with a high position under the empire, Woodroffe the High Court Judge of Calcutta Indianized himself, sometimes wearing Indian dress in social or religious contexts, but above all absorbing the world of the Bengali intellectuals of his time, among whom his popularity was widely attested. He had his critics, but he also had an enthusiastic coterie of admirers who were attracted by his Indian nationalism, to which his Tantric studies and supposed Sanskrit learning formed an important adjunct. He can be placed, then, alongside other prominent British supporters of nationalism of the time, such as Annie Besant, Nivedita, and C.F. Andrews. But Woodroffe possibly entered even more deeply into Hinduism (for a time at least), for he is reported to have taken initiation from a Tantric guru and to have practised Tantric sdhani in some form. Best known for The Serpent Power, the book which introduced Kundalini yoga to the west, Woodroffe and Ghose turned the image of Tantra around, from that of a despised magical and orgiastic cult, into a refined spiritual philosophy which greatly enhanced the attraction of Hinduism to later generations of Westerners. This thesis also studies Avalon's 'apologetic' themes by which he made Tantra, first acceptable, then fashionable.
SOAS University of London
1998
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28512/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28512/1/10672671.pdf
text
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28513
2023-09-28T10:21:04Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
The Sultanate of Jaunpur.
1965
Saeed, M. M.
10.25501/SOAS.00028513
Proquest
CHAPTER I. THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE SHABQI SULTANATE. In this chapter the factors which contributed to the disintegration of the Sultanate of Dehli, dislocated the provinces and finally helped the provincial governors to establish their independence have been surveyed. CHAPTER II. THE RISE OF THE SULTANATE. Section (A) deals with the career of Sultan ush-Sharq Malik Sarwar, who founded the Sultanate of Jaunpur. After the death of Firuz, he became wazir of the Sultanate successively under Sikandar, Nusrat, Muhammad and Mahmud, He was appointed governor of Zafarabad and Jaunpur in 1394, where he declared his independence and ruled up to 1399. Section (B) deals with the short reign of Sultan Mubarak Shah Sharql, the adopted son of Sultan ush-Sharq. CHAPTER III. THE SULTANATE IN ITS GLORY. It covers the reign of Sultan Ibrahim Shah Sharqi Who gloriously ruled for forty years, i.e. 1401-40. CHAPTER IV. THE SULTANATE IN ITS GLORY. (Concluded). Bection (A) deals with the reign of Sultan Mahmud Shah Sharqi (1440-57). Section (B) deals with the short tyrannical reign of Sultan Muhammad Shah Sharqi (1457-58). CHAPTER V. THE DECLINE OF THE SULTANATE. It covers the reign of Sultan Husain Shah Sharq who ruled in Jaunpur from 1458 to 1483 and in Bihar from 1483 to 1495 and died in 1505 at Colgong where he had taken refuge with Husain Shah Bengali. CHAPTER VI. SHARQI ARCHITECTURE. It consists of six sections. There are: (1) The Origin of Zafarabad and Jaunpur; (2) The Masjids; (3) the Forts; (4) The Palaces of Sharqi Kings and Queens; (5) The Tombs and Shrines; (6) Irrigation and Public Works.
SOAS University of London
1965
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28513/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28513/1/10672672.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28514
2023-09-28T10:21:05Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
A transformational treatment of Hindi verbal syntax.
1965
Kachru, Y.
10.25501/SOAS.00028514
Proquest
After acknowledgments and a general index, the thesis opens with an introductory chapter which gives a brief outline of the theory and model of grammatical description upon which this study is based, and reviews the previous work on Hindi verbal syntax. This is followed by the two main chapters of the work. In chapter 2 Hindi sentence structure and the sub-classes of verb which are relevant for the for the fornulatioa of the Constituent Structure rules are discussed, before the rules thenselves are set out. Chapter 5 first gives some of the singuiary transformations, the nominalization, adjectivalization and adverbialization rules follow, and the chapter ends with the singulary transformational rules. The Appendix following these three chapters comprises a lexicon which lives a list of Hindi verbs with their appropriate syntactic, selectional and semantic features, and lists of the other lexical categories with only their selectional features. The thesis ends with a bibliography of works on general linguistic theory and the model of Transformational - Generative Crammar on the one hand, and on Hindi language on the other.
SOAS University of London
1965
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28514/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28514/1/10672673.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28515
2023-09-28T10:21:05Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
A unified theory of inherited features.
1998
Evans, Hywel
10.25501/SOAS.00028515
Proquest
There are two thrusts to this dissertation, one backward-looking, one forward. The first is that HPSG is a better minimalist theory than is attainable for the Principles and Parameters framework, given its programmatic goals and its commitment to move alpha as the central explanatory mechanism. The second is that there should be no artificial dichotomy between the inherited features which participate in unbounded dependencies. In the introductory chapter, I point out certain fundamental problems relating to the assumption that grammaticality is determined via conditions on movement operations, and provide a sketch of the importance of structure-sharing in HPSG, a theory which makes no appeal to movement. In chapter one, I present the evidence for a second wh-question feature, and extend Johnson and Lappin's treatment to account for the important "Subjacency in Japanese" data. In chapter two, I indicate certain flaws in Johnson and Lappin's approach, related to the fact that their account is not "head-driven" in having inherited features amalgamated through selecting heads. I suggest that this may be rectified while preserving a unified account of inheritance if LOCAL is retired, allowing full synsem structure-sharing between fillers and gaps. In chapter three, I present a feature amalgamation principle, and a revised NONLOCAL feature principle in order to determine conditions on inheritance. I point out severe difficulties associated with the decision to abandon a unified treatment of NONLOCAL features. In chapter, four, I present a cross-linguistic treatment of data relating to wh-question sentences in which I demonstrate the advantages of employing alternative repositories for the amalgamation of wh-question features -- rather than a two-level approach in which a wh-feature is reentrant as a syntactic trigger. This offers a natural extension of the J&L account, including a unified explanation of pied-piping and the restricted wh-in situ option in English, and Japanese Subjacency. In Chapter Five, I review certain difficulties with the account, and suggest that it is necessary to have more generalized lexical binding of SLASH in order to successfully dispense with complementizers. I show that the main claims, that NONLOCAL features are subject to amalgamation by selecting heads, with inheritance via structure-sharing, are sound and provide the basis for further research.
SOAS University of London
1998
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28515/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28515/1/10672674.pdf
text
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28516
2023-09-28T10:21:05Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
The Khilafat Movement in India ,1919-1924.
1973
Qureshi, M. N.
10.25501/SOAS.00028516
Proquest
This thesis is an attempt to examine the ferment among Indian Muslims consequent to the threatened dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire at the end of the First World War, which for six years dominated the political scene of the Sub-continent. It essentially analyses the various cross-ourrents which converged to make the Khilafat movement so turbulent. The Introductory Chapter discusses, in the light of contemporary events, the gradual involvement of Indo-Muslim sentiment with the Ottoman Khilafat and with the ideal of pan-Islamism until the Armistice of December I918. Chapter II (December 1918-July I920) studies the demand for the preservation of status quo ante bellum for Turkey as the Allied Powers begin to re-draw her map, the formation of the Central Khilafat Committee, the approaches to the Indian and the Allied Governments, and the search for an effective formula in concert with the Hindus resulting in the scheme of non-co-operation. Chapter III (May 1920-November I920) discusses the voluntary withdrawal (hijrat) in the classical Islamic tradition of between fifty and sixty thousand Muslims from India to neighbouring Afghanistan. Chapter IV (August 1920-March 1922) examines the course and failure of the non-co-operation experiment, together with other attempts to force a revision of the stringent Treaty of Sevres. Chapter V (February 1922-June 1923) deals with the aftermath of non-co-operation, the break-up of Hindu-Muslim entente and the effects on the Khilafat movement of the developments in the Near and the Middle East. Lastly, Chapter VI (July 1923-December 1924) discusses the weakening of the movement after the conclusion of the Treaty of Lausanne in July 1923, and its final collapse as a result of the abolition of the Khilafat and the expulsion of the Sultan from Turkey in March 1924. It also examines the re-emergence of the All-India Muslim League as a force in Muslim politics and briefly looks into the phase when the movement, at the time of the Hedjaz crisis, begins to acquire an increasingly academic character which lingers on into the 1930s.
SOAS University of London
1973
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28516/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28516/1/10672675.pdf
text
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28517
2023-09-28T10:21:05Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Nguyen Al Quoc, the Comitern and the Vietnamese Communist Movement, 1919-1941.
2001
Quinn-Judge, S. W.
10.25501/SOAS.00028517
Proquest
This thesis is an examination of Nguyen Ai Quoc's (Ho Chi Minh's) role in transmitting communism to Vietnam in the period between the First and Second World Wars. As the Third International (Comintern) provided the theory and much of the organizational support for this task, it is also a study of the Comintern's changing policies towards revolution in colonial countries. It has grown out of research in the Moscow archives of the Comintern, which first became available to researchers in late 1991-1992. It also makes extensive use of the French colonial archives at the Centre d'Archives d'Outre-Mer in Aix-en-Provence. This study begins with Nguyen Ai Quoc's appearance in Paris in 1919, when he lobbied the Paris Peace Conference for greater Vietnamese freedom and was then drawn into the political world of the French left. It follows his first contacts with the Comintern in Moscow (1923- 1924), through his two-year sojourn in Canton during the Communist-Guomindang United Front, when he established the first training courses for Vietnamese revolutionaries. Chapters IV and V cover his return to Asia in mid-1928, his founding of the Vietnamese Communist Party in 1930, and the 1930-31 insurrectionary movement in Vietnam. Chapter Six deals with his Jime 1931 arrest and his long period of political inactivity in Moscow, from mid-1934 until the autumn of 1938. The final chapter covers his return to southern China and his efforts to regain his influence in the Vietnamese communist movement from 1939 to 1941. The thesis concludes that, with the benefit of the documentary evidence now available, it is necessary to readjust the perception of Nguyen Ai Quoc as an influential communist during his early political career. Initially he received little financial support from Moscow and he never became a member of the Comintern Executive Committee. Nor did he exist entirely within the world of the Comintern. Although the latter was an essential force in the creation of Vietnamese communism, there were other factors which shaped its growth, including family and regional ties, as well as Chinese and French left-wing politics.
SOAS University of London
2001
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28517/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28517/1/10672676.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28518
2023-09-28T10:21:06Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Intonation in Cantonese.
2001
Flynn, Choi-Yeung-Chang
10.25501/SOAS.00028518
Proquest
This thesis develops a system for describing intonation in Cantonese, a language having six phonological tones employing both pitch and slope. It analyses the utterance intonation contour into major intonation units, intonation units and feet. It defines what criteria those units meet and how they relate to each other. The intonation contours, constructed with a string of lexical tones, are described in terms of prosodic units which separate themselves in terms of pitch height and pitch span. The demarcation of the units is an innovation of the thesis. The different F0 values of identical phonological tones in an utterance are found to be in gradual descent if they are within an intonation group, and an intonation group is depicted more clearly when the two fitted lines which cover the top and the bottom are parallel and declined. A major intonation group is the largest prosodic unit in utterances. It is decided by a larger size of resetting of pitch span. An intonation group and a major intonation group each represent a unit of information which is semantically and syntactically coherent. The most prominent syllable in an intonation group is the tonic. An acoustic analysis of all possible combinations of the lexical tones of disyllabic and trisyllabic tonal sequences shows that tonal coarticulation is an important factor in modifying the F0 contours. The modification can affect both the pitch height and the slope of the F0 contours, and is also realised in both anticipatory and carryover effects. Prominence is examined, both at the level of words and of utterances, and a description of its prosodic parameters is developed with supporting evidence from the discussion of tonics.
SOAS University of London
2001
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28518/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28518/1/10672677.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28519
2023-09-28T10:21:06Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Mechanisms of control over compliance with international law for the protection of the Mediterranean Sea against pollution.
2001
Roumeliotou, V.
10.25501/SOAS.00028519
Proquest
This study is concerned with the legal mechanisms and institutional arrangements established to control compliance with commitments undertaken in treaty form by Mediterranean States, with a view at protecting the marine environment from various sources of pollution. Part I begins with a brief presentation of the state of the Mediterranean environment, both natural and socio-economic. There follows a consideration and assessment of the nature and extent of, and the relationship between, environmental obligations arising under the relevant instruments adopted at the global, regional and sub-regional level, in order to identify the implications thereof for the design and application of the said mechanisms and arrangements. In Part II, the treatment of the core issue begins with an initial review of the evolution of compliance-control mechanisms under general international, and especially environmental, law, followed by a critical examination of the legal arrangements - actually or potentially - used in the Mediterranean to ensure compliance with the said body of law. In this context, a distinction is made between the traditional models, namely the state responsibility and civil liability approach to compliance control and the comprehensive institutional model, and the emerging approaches, namely provision of financial and technical assistance as compliance incentives, and compliance control and enforcement under national law. Finally, this thesis argues that the most constructive way to encourage observance of international marine pollution standards in the region in the long term is through the intervention of international law towards developing appropriate procedural means for follow up and enforcement within domestic legal systems, while, in the short term, efforts should concentrate at establishing - or refining - comprehensive institutional mechanisms that would necessarily accommodate arrangements for financial and technical assistance dependent on effective compliance.
SOAS University of London
2001
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28519/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28519/1/10672678.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28520
2023-09-28T10:21:06Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Painting awareness : A study into the use of exotic cultural traditions by the artists of the Emperor Akbar's Khamsa of Nizami.
2001
Minissale, G.
10.25501/SOAS.00028520
Proquest
The main objective of this doctoral research is to analyse a group of miniature paintings produced between 1593 and 1595 for the Mughal Indian Emperor Akbar, who reigned from 1556 to 1605. These miniatures are illustrations in a manuscript of five epic poems (known as the Khamsa) by the Persian poet NiZami (1141-1209). This manuscript is now in the British Library (Or. 12, 208). It is the argument of this thesis that more than any other Mughal illustrated manuscript, the painting in the Khamsa exemplifies a refined synthesis of the artistic traditions of three major cultures with which the Mughals came into contact: the European, Persian and earlier Indian. Many elements in the illustrations may be traced back to these origins. The miniatures represent the finest of Akbar period painting. This is true in terms of finish and technique but the paintings of the Khamsa of NiZami are also important because they mark the use of a new visual language in painting to convey complex thoughts and ideas. Knowledge of other artistic traditions led the Mughals to adjust their own painting. The thesis demonstrates that the paintings of the Khamsa of NiZami are an extraordinary record of the elevated status of the art of painting at the Mughal court.
SOAS University of London
2001
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28520/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28520/1/10672679.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28521
2023-09-28T10:21:07Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
The representation of ethnic minorities in twentieth century Turkish fiction.
2001
Whitehouse, Ruth Margaret
10.25501/SOAS.00028521
Proquest
During the first half of the twentieth century, the ethnically segmented Ottoman empire was transformed into a nation state of Turkish citizens. This thesis explores and evaluates the representation of ethnic minorities in Turkish fiction against a background of demographic, political, and social change. Within this context, novels and short stories of selected writers have been studied with a view to determining differences of experience, perception and attitude. The writers include: Huseyin Rahmi Gurpmar, Halide Edip Adivar, Resat Nuri Guntekin, Halikamas Balikcisi, Orhan Kemal, Haldun Taner, Sait Faik, and Yasar Kemal. The thesis comprises an introduction, three chapters and a conclusion. The Introduction gives a brief overview of historical events relating to demographic changes and ethnic minority status, and looks at the popular perception of minorities in the Ottoman performance arts. Chapter One is a study of literature written before, during, and after the Balkan wars, the First World War, and the Turkish War of Liberation. Chapter Two continues with a study of literature published during the years leading up to multi-party democracy. Chapter Three traces the emergence of an Anatolian literary perspective in which, with a few exceptions, ethnic issues were generally ignored or suppressed, and observes the gradual re-emergence of ethnic identity in Turkish literature. The conclusion evaluates the extent to which the selected authors; a) reflect the changing ethnic composition of Turkish society during the last century; b) display signs of bias or prejudice in their representations of ethnic minority characters; c) use ethnic minorities as a device to further or enhance the literary quality of their work.
SOAS University of London
2001
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28521/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28521/1/10672680.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28522
2023-09-28T10:21:07Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Agency theoretic analysis of the causes of the low average market capitalisation of the Bombay Stock Exchange.
2001
Saptagiri, Lalita
10.25501/SOAS.00028522
Proquest
This thesis aims to provide an explanation for the causes of existence of many low capitalised companies (LCCs) listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange. The main theoretical framework for the thesis is derived from the agency conflicts approach. The agency model examines the relationship between managers and owners and determines managerial effort in a contractual arrangement under asymmetric information. Given the developing nature of the financial and industrial structure in India, the agency conflicts between the different claimants take a different form as compared to that suggested in the traditional agency literature, which is oriented towards developed market economies. Accordingly, the inherent governance structures, which are specific to India and changes initiated by financial reforms of the early 1990s, make a strong case for agency theory to be used as a tool to investigate the peculiarity of Indian stock markets. The dynamics of agency conflicts inherent in the firm structure influences all decisions made in the firm, i.e. debt-equity ratio, dividend policy. It then becomes important to study the impact of the firm's structure on its outstanding equity. This thesis is an attempt at analysing the low average market capitalisation of the BSE from the point of view of owner-managerial behaviour capacitating financial decision-making i.e. how the decision-making of the owner-managers affect the value of the outstanding stock. The existence of many LCCs on the BSE can be analysed by the simple "entry and exit" model of firms into the low capitalised category of the stock market. Among other reasons the entry of firms into BSE was facilitated by relaxation of many stringent bureaucratic policies towards new firms making their maiden public issues. Survival of a firm depends on its performance in the real market and effective monitoring is required to sustain both performance in the market and any improvements thereof. An LCC can move to a different capitalisation category through internal growth and takeovers or mergers. LCCs on the BSE face not only an ineffective outside monitoring (outside shareholders and debt holders) but also non-existent market "exit" mechanisms of takeovers or mergers. Most of the LCCs have exited from the stock exchange through de-listing (if firms fail to pay the listing fees and abide by the rules of the exchange) by SEBI, the regulatory authority. This corroborates to the insufficiency of the market mechanisms of "exit" in changing the status quo of LCCs. This thesis explores the causes behind the non-existent mechanisms of "exit" for LCCs. This thesis proposes that lack of exit mechanisms stem from a market for lemons syndrome. Effective monitoring from outside stakeholders i.e. diffused shareholders is non-existent because of the free rider problem. Whereas block debt holders base their monitoring on the relative position of a particular firm in their portfolio or the importance of a firm to the block debt holder determines the extent of monitoring. Lack of an effective outside monitoring is manifested in the dividend policy, which reflects accumulation of free cash flow used for the personal benefit of owner-managers. Lack of effective monitoring and exit mechanisms have led to the existence of many LCCs and them continuing in the similar status for a long period of time. These hypotheses were established with the help of an interview-based survey of managers working for these firms as well as econometric analysis of their financial data.
SOAS University of London
2001
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28522/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28522/1/10672681.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28523
2023-09-28T10:21:07Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Art, archaeology and the early kingdoms in the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra: c. 400-1400 A.D.
1984
Shuhaimi, Nik Hassan
10.25501/SOAS.00028523
Proquest
This study is an attempt to establish, the nature of the Buddhist sculpture found in Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia and Peninsular Thailand. From this, it is hoped that new light will he thrown on the relationships between Palembang, the assumed capital of Srivijayan Empire, and other areas, the consequent effects upon the flucutations of power of Palembang over other areas, and the role of Palembang as a source for Mahayana Buddhism expansion in South East Asia. The thesis is divided into seven chapters. In the first chapter, the aim of the study is set out, with a survey of past work on Srivijaya and finally the approach to be undertaken. The second chapter is a survey of the topography and archaeology of the sites from where the sculptures were found, while the third chapter discusses the rise of local workshops producing Buddhist images in composite forms of style, traces their origins. The fourth chapter is the study of the oldest Avalokitesvara image in the Srivijayan Empire. The fifth chapter establishes the beginnings of the stylistic relationships between Palembang and the Peninsula which culminate in the production of masterpieces, such as those found in Jaiya, that may be dated to the middle of the 9th century A.D. In this chapter too the significance of the Avalokitesvara images with tiger symbols are discussed. The sixth chapter deals with images which were influenced by Indo-Javanese and later by Cola art and considers their implications. The arguments are illustrated and supported by photographs, maps and plans.
SOAS University of London
1984
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28523/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28523/1/10672682.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28524
2023-09-28T10:21:07Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Tradition and individual creativity in Enauni Igbo tales.
1984
Okoh, Onweazu Nkem
10.25501/SOAS.00028524
Proquest
This thesis is an attempt to demonstrate that while great regard is paid by the Enuani Igbo to 'tradition' in oral narrative performance, there is in fact a considerable scope for individual creativity. After the Introduction (Chapter 1), the study is divided into three major parts: Part One, 'Some traditional elements of performance', (Chapters 2, 3 and 4) examines features of the narrative tradition shared by all performers. Part Two, 'Tradition and the individual artist' (Chapters 5, 6 and 7) comprises an investigation of the nature of literary creativity in this society, based mainly on a detailed study of one of the most outstanding Enuani artists, Udene Okohai. The main features of Okohai's innovative narrative technique are investigated, especially that of the 'mixed mode', which is unique to him. Part Three, 'Evaluation', (Chapters 8 and 9) draws substantially upon data recorded during story-telling sessions, interviews and conversations on how the Enuani themselves conceive of their oral tales (or, more specifically their performance). While some desirable features of performances are examined, the emphasis here is on the Enuani notion of 'tradition'. This thesis concludes by arguing that the two important demands made on the Enuani artist - that he adhere strictly to 'tradition' and that he exercise his creative freedom within the framework of the traditional style - are by no means opposed to each other. Every good tale performance displays a balance between tradition and individual creativity.
SOAS University of London
1984
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28524/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28524/1/10672683.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28525
2023-09-28T10:21:08Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Linguistic (ir-)realities. A heuristic critique of the meta-theoretical foundations of generativism.
1999
Davidson, Andrew Charles
10.25501/SOAS.00028525
Proquest
The thesis aims to provide a heuristic critique of the meta-theoretical foundations of Chomsky's project for an explanatory linguistics. The critique is 'heuristic' in that it attempts to take the considerations adduced to indicate how those conceptual foundations are to be re-designed on lines parallel to constructivism in the philosophy of mathematics. The net result is the provision of an outline of a meta-theoretic rationale for a process orientated linguistic theory (e.g. Kempson et al.'s LDSNL framework). The thesis investigates, and is organized around, three central strands of the Chomskyan paradigm: 1) The mathematization of linguistics: the use of formal/mathematical systems as theory constitutive metaphors. 2) A scientific realist (as opposed to instrumentalist) construal of linguistic theories. 3) A conceptualist/psychologist ontology for linguistic objects with a concomitant explanation for the nature of the linguistic in terms of properties of the modularized human "mind/brain" articulated through a system of mental representations. The central conclusions drawn are: 1) There is a failure to achieve adequate warrant for a scientific realist construal of Chomskyan linguistic theories. 2) The object(s) of study that is (are) posited in the Chomskyan paradigm require a Platonist or autonomist ontological status. A corollary of this is the inability to achieve an adequate explanation for the nature of linguistic phenomena. These conclusions, together with the observation of certain conceptual tensions and antimonies in generativist thinking (e.g. the relation between types and tokens), are taken to be sufficient to prompt a re-examination of the (metaphysical realist) assumptions that underlie that thinking. The solution that is canvassed, and which promises to resolve these tensions, is by way of a linguistic version of mathematical constructivism in which the emphasis lies in linguistic phenomena being construed as primarily cognitive events in which the constructive procedures are crucially constitutive of then linguistically individuating properties.
SOAS University of London
1999
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28525/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28525/1/10672684.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28526
2023-09-28T10:21:08Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Nasals on my mind : The phonetic and the cognitive approach to the phonology of nasality.
1999
Ploch, Stefan
10.25501/SOAS.00028526
Proquest
This thesis compares two approaches to the phonology of nasality and consists therefore of two main parts: the phonetic approach, which is discussed in part 1, and the cognitive approach (part 2). This is to say that this thesis investigates how the Language Acquisition Device employs nasality to define vocalic or consonantal systems of contrast, on the one hand, and phonotactic constraints and phonological processes, on the other. Ultimately, the phonetic approach is rejected, while the cognitive view is argued to be the more empirical one. Part 1, which deals with the phonetic approach, has three chapters. In chapter 1, I show after a brief introduction to Popper's evolutionary view of research and empiricism, that the assumption that the phonologial behaviour of nasality or any other phonetically defined notion is phonetically motivated or grounded (the 'Phonetic Hypothesis', 'PH') is flawed. Chapter 2 investigates feature theories, e.g. underspecification and feature geometry, and discusses the metatheoretical problems these framework have due to the assumption of the PH. This demonstrates that phonological processes involving 'nasality' cannot be explained by the employment of features. In Chapter 3,1 look at the commonly held view that there is a phonetically motivated phonologically relevant link between nasality and vocalic height or consonantal place of articulation (the 'Heightmyth', 'HM'). Part 2 of this thesis shows in four chapters how a cognitive account avoids the metatheoretical problems of the phonetic approach. In addition, it introduces a new proposal in relation to the acquisitional role of phonology: Chapter 4 provides an introduction to Government Phonology ('GP') and, more specifically, to GP's subtheories dealing with melody: (Revised) Element Theory and the Theory of Generative Constraints. This chapter demonstrates that there are languages with phonetically oral vowels which can phonetically nasalise following oral consonants. In chapter 5, I put forward evidence for the merger of Kaye, Lowenstamm & Vergnaud's L- and N-element into one new element (new) L. The main advantages of such a move are that it helps to keep overgeneration down and that it provides the basis for a integrated account for the cross-linguistically attested phenomena of nasality-induced voicing, Dahl's and Meinhof's Law. Chapter 6 investigates Quebec French nasal vowels, Montpelier VN-sequences and English NC-clusters and proposes a unified account for them. This analysis includes a cognitive explanation of the French version of the Heightmyth, i.e. for the observation that French vowels may not be high. Finally, in chapter 7, I demonstrate that the view that the PH is mistaken points to a new insight: Acoustic cues do not only contain much phonologically useless packaging in addition to phonologically relevant material, but also underdetermine the phonological representation. In other words, acoustic cues do not always contain all the information necessary to determine the internal representation of a segment. This is due to a phenomenon I have labelled 'acoustic cue overlap'. I can show for a number of Turkic vowel systems that they could not be acquired without the help of phonological processes (I- and U-harmony). Similarly, even though phonetically defined cues like 'voiced' or 'voiceless' for segments do not contain much useful information in relation to the phonological behaviour of the segments involved, there is cross-linguistic evidence for my claim that many consonant systems (including those exhibiting voiced-voiceless contrasts) could not be acquired without the helping, i.e. disambiguating, hand of phonology. All in all, the cognitive approach to phonology will not only be shown to be more empirical than the phonetic approach but also to be much more insightful. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.).
SOAS University of London
1999
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28526/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28526/1/10672685.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28527
2023-09-28T10:21:08Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Ukubonga Nezibongo : Zulu praising and praises.
1984
Gunner, Elizabeth Anne Wynne
10.25501/SOAS.00028527
Proquest
The thesis is based largely on Zulu praise poetry collected in South Africa in 1975-6. It emphasises the widespread nature of the art of praising in Zulu society: it is both a specialist and a non-specialist activity and poetry is composed and performed by both men and women. The thesis also attempts to analyse the function of the poetry in a contemporary social and political context; it stresses its political, religious and aesthetic aspects and its importance as an expression of individual identity in an often hostile and negative environment. The work attempts to consider praise poetry as a "performance art" rather than a one-dimensional verbal art but also explores the form and content of the poetry. It attempts to see how composers, both specialists and non-specialists, apply the techniques which govern the genre. The memorial aspect of Zulu praising has been stressed by commentators but there has been a paucity of recently recorded material. This study, based largely on contemporary recordings which include observed performances and interview, shows that while the long royal izibongo performed today are remarkably similar to those recorded sixty or more years earlier, individual bards have their own style of performance and their versions are far from identical. Contemporary compositions by bards and non-specialists further emphasise the creative aspect of the tradition which is one that combines memory and creativity. Whereas Albert Lord's influential "singer" theory stressed that true oral poetry could only be poetry that was composed during performance, this material shows that there are other blends of memorising and composing which are possible. At the same time the thesis acknowledges the vital role played by Lord in stressing the contribution of individual artists in an oral tradition. Finally, the thesis touches on the relationship between praise poetry and contemporary printed (but in some cases performed) poetry in South Africa.
SOAS University of London
1984
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28527/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28527/1/10672686.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28528
2023-09-28T10:21:09Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
A comparative-historical study of the Manenguba languages (Bantu A.15, Mbo cluster) of Cameroon.
1984
Hedinger, Robert
10.25501/SOAS.00028528
Proquest
The Manenguba languages are a group of closely related Bantu languages spoken on the north-western edge of the Bantu area. The main goals of this study are to reconstruct Proto-Manenguba (PM) from which the present day languages have developed and to examine how they are related to each other. In chapter two, the correspondences for consonants, vowels and tones are established and oroto-phonemes proposed. In chapter three, the sound changes that have apparently taken place between PM and the different languages are presented and discussed. Several diagrams are included to highlight the kinds of splits and mergers that have occurred. Chapter four is devoted to a comparison and partial reconstruction of the morphology of the noun class and concord system. In chapter five, PM roots are compared with Proto-Bantu (PB) reconstructions in order to examine the sound correspondences between the two proto-languages. Special attention is given to the apparent double reflexes of voiceless PB stops in North West Bantu languages which have recently been attributed to a former lenis/non-lenis distinction. Apparent non-procductive morphophonemic alternations In one of the languages (Akoose) are brought to light involving reflexes of the above stops, although we are not able to provide a satisfactory answer as to their origin. Chapter six is concerned with the classification of the Manenguba languages. Previous classifications and some recent lexicostatistical classifications are surveyed. We then present and discuss our own lexicostatistical sub-grouping of the Manenguba languages plus their relationship to some adjacent languages. This classification is then related to the previous classifications and to shared sound and morphological changes established in chapters three and four. The data on which the main part of this study is based is appended comprising some 700 comparative word lists from fourteen languages/dialects. Also included where possible are PB and proposed PM reconstructions of the lexical items.
SOAS University of London
1984
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28528/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28528/1/10672687.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28529
2023-01-24T15:02:16Z
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28530
2023-09-28T10:21:09Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Pre-colonial polities in Southern Zambezia and their political communications.
1976
Livneh, Avital
10.25501/SOAS.00028530
Proquest
Throughout the history of the Iron Age peoples of Southern Zambezia, there was an apparent division between North and South. Organized major polities first appeared in the southeast, then a balance was evident between the northern centre of the Mutapa, and the southern centre of the Butua-Rozvi. Then, the northern centre declined, and the Ndebele invaders re-shaped the southern centre. The communications of the plateau are examined through these centres. A comparative examination of the political communication of the pre-l6th century elites, the Mutapa, the Rozvi and the Ndebele, respectively, shows that in all of them the bulk of communications was on an unofficial level. 'Official communications were influenced by the capacity for grain storage and transport, and by succession regulations. Officialdom was tied to rulers with ties of affinal, personal nature, and were not eligible for the throne. Word of mouth was the main tool of contact in all the states examined, and literacy and the wheel failed to penetrate them. The Rozvi and Mutapa states display similarities, although the Rozvi appear to have been more tightly controlled. The Ndebele brought new forms of organization, which enabled them to mobilize more efficiently than Shona, and the intensity of contact within their densely settled land was probably greater. Their relations with their periphery, however, followed in tribute enforcement in the footsteps of the Rozvi.
SOAS University of London
1976
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28530/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28530/1/10672689.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28531
2023-09-28T10:21:10Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
The economic functions of religious institutions in Eastern India from c. 550-1200 A.D.
1976
Karunatilaka, Patti Vidanelage Bandula
10.25501/SOAS.00028531
Proquest
The present study is a survey of the economic functions carried out by the religious institutions in eastern India from c. 550 to 1200 A.D. In the introduction the importance of the study of the economic functions of religious institutions is briefly discussed and the works written so far on the subject are mentioned. An examination of the sources is also included in the introduction. A survey of the main political developments in eastern India during the period is made in the first chapter, as a background for this study. The second chapter begins with a discussion on the development of the practice of making endowments for religious purposes, and it then examines the nature of endowments and the method by which the religious foundations in eastern India accumulated wealth. The third chapter deals with the landed property, with special reference to land tenure, rights of the religious institutions and land revenue and taxation. In the fourth chapter, the nature of monetary endowments, obligations of the depository, investment and rates of interest are discussed in detail. In the fifth chapter, the administrative organization of the religious institutions is examined, paying special attention to the management of property. The role of the religious institutions as economic organizations, and their relationship with society is evaluated in the sixth chapter.
SOAS University of London
1976
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28531/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28531/1/10672690.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28532
2023-09-28T10:21:10Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
The municipal markets of Calcutta : Three case studies.
1976
Ray, Mondira Sinha
10.25501/SOAS.00028532
Proquest
This thesis deals with the municipal markets of Calcutta City hut examines in detail only three of these institutions - Hogg Market, Gariahat Market and Manicktala Market. These three markets have been chosen as representing markets of different scales and rather different types. The study discusses first the historical and spatial context of the three markets by examining their historical evolution and the marketing geography of Calcutta City as a whole. There follows a detailed description of the three chosen markets, using published and unpublished material and presenting the author's field research. The impact of the markets on their respective neighbourhoods is noted and an attempt is made to determine the related shopping area around each market. Comparisons are then drawn to show the similarities and dissimilarities between the three markets and between the municipal and non-municipal markets of Calcutta. The thesis also looks at the future prospects of the municipal markets of Calcutta in general and of Hogg Market in particular. Finally, some of the ideas and suggested lines of inquiry which seem to emerge from the thesis are indicated.
SOAS University of London
1976
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28532/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28532/1/10672691.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28533
2023-09-28T10:21:10Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Traditions of the Saptarsi Group down to the end of the Gupta Period.
1977
Mitchiner, John Edward
10.25501/SOAS.00028533
Proquest
Traditions of the Saptarsi Group underwent a number of changes in the period between the Vedic Samhitas and the early Puranas. The change in designation of the constellation Ursa Major from Rksas to Rsis is an indication of the Indianisation of essentially Indo-European ideas: while the tradition of the Saptarsis as Pranas is indicative of the early speculative identity of macrocosm and microcosn within the Saptarsi traditions. (Chapter l). Two main lists of the Saptarsi group nay be discerned: one of which appears primarily in the Vedic texts, and the other in the Epic and Puranic texts. (Chapters 1-2). The formulation of the second main list is developed from lists of six Prajapatis and Mind-born Sons of Brahma: and in turn gives rise to lists of eight, nine and ten Mind-born Sons of Brahma. (Chapter 2). The change in identities between the Rsis of the two main lists is traceable in some measure to the influence over the Saptarsi traditions of Brahmin families in regions to the south of the Vindhyas. (Chapter 3). The Puranic tradition of listing 14 Saptarsi groups in different Manvantaras presupposes an earlier tradition of the appearance of Saptarsi groups in different Yugas of a Kalpa. (Chapter 4) The tradition of the Saptarsis as stars develops from ideas of their nature as embodiments of Fire: while the astronomical theory of the Saptarsi Yuga demonstrates two versions, differing in the number of Naksatras in each version. (Chapter 5). Both the second main list of the Saptarsi group and the second version of the Sautarsi Yuga (Chapters 2-3 and 5) demonstrate the degree to which the Epic and Puranic traditions of the Saptarsi group were promulgated and influenced by Brahmin families of the Western Deccan, particularly under the Satavahana and Vakataka dynasties during the early centuries of the Christian era.
SOAS University of London
1977
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28533/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28533/1/10672692.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28534
2023-09-28T10:21:10Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
A transformational approach to the noun phrase in Persian.
1976
Vajdi, Shadab
10.25501/SOAS.00028534
Proquest
The subject of this thesis is the description of the noun-phrase in Persian on the basis of the transformational theory as described by Chomsky in Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. The first chapter of the thesis is devoted to a description of the syntactic behaviour of the noun-phrase within simplex sentences - both those formed by the verbs budan or odan and those formed by other verbs. This involves description of the noun-phrase within simple interrogative sentences and, also, within sentences formed with passive verbs. The subject of the second chapter is a description of the syntactic behaviour of the noun-phrase within complex sentences. The differences between restrictive and non-restrictive clauses have been discussed. The syntactic behaviour of the noun-phrase within sentences formed by the verbs budan or odan has been described separately in this chapter. The last part of the second chapter is devoted to a description of complements. Pronouns and the process of pronominalization in Persian constitute the subject of Chapter Throe. The syntactic behaviour of the reflexive and the emphatic pronouns, as well as that of the personal pronouns, is (i)budan="to be", odan="to become" . illustrated and discussed in this chapter. Chapter Four has been devoted to adjectives. Different kinds of adjectival/nominal constructions are illustrated in this chapter. Chapter Five deals with the grammatical status of determiners in Persian. It also gives a definition and goes into a description and classification of different kinds of determiners in Persian. Finally, the three senses of the noun, the composition of the noun-phrase in the surface structure and the grammatical status of the infinitive in Persian are illustrated in Chapter Six.
SOAS University of London
1976
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28534/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28534/1/10672693.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28535
2023-09-28T10:21:11Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Dai Wangshu: The life and poetry of a Chinese Modernist.
1985
Lee, Gregory Barry
10.25501/SOAS.00028535
Proquest
Dai Wangshu as a poet and a personality made a controversial and lasting impact on the Chinese literary world of the 1930s and 1940s. Since the 1950s, however, many literary figures of the time have suffered neglect because they are not easily categorized as belonging to the orthodoxies of Left or Right. This has been so in Dai Wangshu's case. Moreover, there is also genuine confusion about Dai's political and literary beliefs. This thesis aims to revaluate Dai's position in the canon of modern Chinese literature and, by chronicling his literary, political and personal life, to present a comprehensive picture and correct current misconceptions. There is a biographical emphasis as a result of much new information uncovered in the course of the author's research. The approach is chronological and covers Dai's early involvement in poetry and politics in late 1920s Shanghai, the process of intellectual sophistication and expansion in Europe, his anti-Japanese stance during the war period in Hong Kong and the final years of poetic silence leading up to his premature death in Peking, in 1950. Dai's poetry is treated in terms of theme, language and form to reveal the poet's growth and progression of style. The extent of the poet's retention of classical Chinese poetic elements and the assimilation of Western post-Symbolist and other poetic influences are assessed in order to arrive at the essence of the poet's style, to examine its effectiveness as a modern medium for the expression of poetic thought and to decide the appropriateness of the label 'Modernist'. The definition of Modernism is thus broached and discussed. Previously unconsulted material such as letters, diary fragments and manuscripts have been exploited and in the discussion of Dai's poetry and the literary and political questions of his day, extensive use has been made of correspondence and interviews conducted in China.
SOAS University of London
1985
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28535/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28535/1/10672694.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28536
2023-09-28T10:21:11Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
The portrayal of women in the Libyan short story.
1987
Algebali, Salma Ibraham
10.25501/SOAS.00028536
Proquest
This thesis sets out to examine the portrayal of women as an important literary aspect of the Libyan short story. An attempt has been made to identify the main features of such portrayals and to point out the degree to which major short story writers in Libya are conscious, in one way or another, of the importance of the problems confronting Libyan women and the need for their emancipation. The method adopted for this purpose is to discuss the varying levels of consciousness of the problem against a background of modern literary criticism which, although not fully developed in Libya, is nonetheless becoming increasingly important. As a corollary, it has been possible to discuss various ideological attitudes only in relation to the formal and structural issues which are often raised regarding the short story as a literary genre. Among these issues are the organic interdependence of form and content, success or failure in attempting to objectify human experience in an adequate artistic form, and the degree to which ideological considerations or commitment can be regarded as relevant to our appreciation of the Libyan short story as an art-form. The degree of ideological commitment to the problem of female emancipation is not, in itself, a determinant of artistic success, but it may pave the way for literary creation in which a progressive role for women in Libyan society is combined with fuller consciousness of the importance of the formal elements of the Libyan short story.
SOAS University of London
1987
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28536/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28536/1/10672695.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28537
2023-09-28T10:21:11Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
The concept of death and its development in modern Arabic poetry.
1987
Idrees, Najma Abdullah
10.25501/SOAS.00028537
Proquest
This thesis examines the treatment of the concept of death in modern Arabic poetry, and the development of this concept from the turn of the twentieth century up to the seventies. This development is seen as having gone through three major and distinctive stages. The first stage is reflected in the neo-classical elegy. The works of the neo-classicist poets (from the beginning of the century up to the mid-twenties) are generally viewed by critics as an imitation, or at least an attempt at emulating the works of the major classical and medieval poets. The elegy, practically the only poetic composition at this time in which the concept of death was treated, is no exception to this rule. It did not treat of death as an existential concept, but simply lamented the deaths of particular individuals, and invariably in laudatory terms. The treatment of death in this period is viewed as a form of occasional poetry. The second stage is identified with the romantic movement in Arabic poetry (from the mid-twenties to the late forties). The main influences which are seen as having affected the outlook on death in this period are the works of the great Muslim Sufis, which were gradually becoming available to the general reader. Western romantic poetry, which in the thirties of this century started to be widely read and translated in the Arab world, and some Eastern theosophical doctrines, like the belief in reincarnation, espoused by some prominent and influential Arab authors such as Gibran and Naimy. As the emphasis on the goodness of nature and the coincidence of man with its spirit was a characteristic feature of romantic poetry, both life and death are viewed in this period as two vital elements which, being in harmony with the cycles of nature, constantly maintain the continuity of existence. The third stage is identified with developments in the period between the fifties and the seventies. The Tammuziyyun poets, the avant-garde poets of the period seem unanimously to have utilized in various forms one or other of the ancient myths of death and resurrection. The symbols of this ancient mythology were used to express deep anxieties and fears about the decline of Arab civilization under dire political and social strains, and the hope that the Arab nation would go through a rebirth or a great revival. This hope in particular seemed to find its best expression in the ancient myths which stressed the inevitability of a resurrection after death. Finally the concept of death is examined in Palestinian resistance poetry which is seen as part and parcel of the third stage, but which, because of the special circumstances in which the Palestinians lived and wrote, is treated in a separate chapter on its own.
SOAS University of London
1987
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28537/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28537/1/10672696.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28538
2023-09-28T10:21:12Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
The new technology: Agrarian reform and peasant differentiation in Ethiopian agriculture in 1966-1980, with special reference to the Arsi Region.
1987
Bonger, Tenkir
10.25501/SOAS.00028538
Proquest
Critiques of the new technology in agriculture have expressed its class, technological, regional and crop bias. They call for expanded research to cover more crops suited to ecologically marginal areas, agrarian reform to distribute its benefits and the generation of mechanical technology and institutions amenable to the poor. Ethiopia experienced both the dissemination of the new technology (first in 1967 in the Arsi Region and as of 1970 in limited parts of the country as a whole) and a radical redistributive agrarian reform (since 1975) aiming at a socialist transition in agriculture. A micro level analysis of output and input in 30 farms disaggregated into the pre and post technology period on the one hand and poor/lower middle and rich peasants on the other is built upon to assess the effect of the new technology on production, factor productivity, the social differentiation of the peasantry, changes in the form and extent of the marketed surplus and prices in 1966-1975 (post technology, pre-agrarian reform) and 1975-1980 (post new technology and post agrarian reform) in the Arsi Region. This is further extended to Ethiopian agriculture as a whole including the countrywide redistributive impact of the reform, government intervention in marketing and the terms of trade. The study argues that given the non-feudal, non-capitalist agrarian class formation in rainfed single cropping 'land surplus' agrarian economy, redistributive agrarian reform, state intervention with high marketing cost and the accumulation of merchant capital not reinvested into agriculture meet neither the redistributive nor the accumulation objectives of development.
SOAS University of London
1987
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28538/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28538/1/10672697.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28539
2023-09-28T10:21:12Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
US-Egyptian relations from the 1952 revolution to the Suez Crisis of 1956.
1987
Sayed-Ahmed, Mohamed Abd El-Wahab
10.25501/SOAS.00028539
Proquest
If the late 1940s and early 1950s were a period of close and friendly relations between the United States and Egypt, the late 1950s and early 1960s mark the deterioration in those relations. US-Egyptian relations from the 1952 revolution to the Suez crisis resembled to some extent a game of chess between Nasser of Egypt, and Secretary John Foster Dulles of the US. The Free Officers' rise to power in Egypt in July 1952, raised the hope of the American policy-makers in the establishing of closer and, moreover, cordial relations with Egypt. They felt that it was to their advantage to deal with the military officers who were not associated with the corrupt ancien regime of politicians. Moreover, the Free Officers did not have any political commitment nor a predetermined position in foreign policy. Therefore the Eisenhower administration, especially Secretary of State John Foster Dulles, expected that Egypt under Nasser and his military colleagues would help achieve objectives of American strategy in the area, such as the containment of Soviet penetration, and peace between the Arab states and Israel. These hopes or aspirations, however, could not be easily translated into practical policy. Dulles looked to Nasser for support of US initiatives, without appreciating problems Nasser might face. Nasser's policy was soon to clash with American strategy in the Middle East and Egypt's foreign policy would be marked to a great extent by recurrent clashes with the US, especially from 1955 onwards. Nasser saw US policy becoming reflexively pro-Israel and he felt that Washington was jeopardising his leadership of the Arab world, especially after the formation of the Baghdad Pact in February 1955. The honeymoon between the Free Officers' regime in Egypt and the US was now over. Nasser felt he had to confront the US and the Western powers on their own terms, in a more forceful and radical way. Nasser found the Soviet Union a willing partner in furthering his aims, even though he still left his options open regarding his relations with the US. As for the Eisenhower administration, the turning-point came in mid-March 1956 when Secretary of the Navy Robert Anderson returned from his mission to promote peace between Egypt and Israel empty-handed. Dulles was determined to show Nasser how tough he could be. Events then moved rapidly to the Suez crisis. The documentary and other evidence proved that Nasser's ambitions for a regional leadership of the Arab Middle East were in conflict with those of the US as a global power in the Middle East, The Eisenhower administration, for its part, had hoped and intended to contain Nasser's influence in the area and not to promote him into a major Third World leader, but in vain. The American policy turned Nasser from a local Arab leader of Egypt into the charismatic leader of the Arab world and a major political figure in the Third World. This research mainly depends on American documents which were declassified during the past two years.
SOAS University of London
1987
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28539/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28539/1/10672698.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28540
2023-09-28T10:21:13Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
The political history of Bengal to the rise of the Pala Dynasty, c. 326 B.C. to A.D. 750.
1965
Das, Bani Prabha
10.25501/SOAS.00028540
Proquest
We have divided our work into eight chapters with an introduction, a conclusion, and four appendices. The introduction contains a brief account of the physical features of Bengal and the ancient regions and important cities. In the first chapter it is shown that the people of some parts of Bengal were highly civilised before the Aryans entered the country. This chapter also deals with the gradual process of Aryanisation in Bengal. The second chapter deals with the Gangaridai and Prasii of classical sources. In this chapter we have critically discussed the Mahasthan inscription of the Mauryan period. In the third chapter we have tried to reconstruct the history of Bengal from the fall of the Mauryas to the rise of the Guptas. Because of lack of original sources we are unable to throw much light on this period. The fourth chapter is devoted to the history of Bengal under the Guptas. In this chapter we have discussed the identification of Candra of the Meherauli Pillar Inscription and have identified him with Candra Gupta II, This chapter deals with the reigns of the Gupta Emperors down to Visnu Gupta, with special reference to Bengal during the period. The fifth chapter discusses the political life of Bengal after the break-up of the Gupta empire and the rise of Dharmaditya, Gopacandra and Samacaradeva in south-east Bengal. We refute in this chapter the theory that these kings began to rule immediately after the reign of Vainya Gupta (A.D. 507), as some scholars believe. We have suggested that they rose to power only after the downfall of the imperial Guptas in or after A.D. 543-44. The sixth chapter deals with the rise of Gauda under Sasanka; this chapter discusses his relations with Malwa and Sthanvisvara. The seventh chapter shows the political life of Bengal after the death of Sasanka, whose death was followed by a period of chaos and confusion. It shows that Harsavardhana gained control of much of Bengal after Sasanka's death, and that after the death of Harsa there was a series of foreign invasions, hut eastern Bengal at least remained independent for some time under the Khadga dynasty. This period of anarchy and confusion came to an end after the election of Gopala. The eighth and last chapter deals with the administrative system of Bengal from the Mauryas to sasanka. In the conclusion we have given a rapid survey of our work and have attempted to show a general picture of the period. The work contains four appendices. In Appendix A. we have tried to interpret the administrative terms referred to in Bengal copper-plates. Appendix B. is a study of the coins of the period which have been found in Bengal, Appendix C. deals with the original homeland of the Imperial Guptas and we have refuted the suggestion that this was in Bengal, Appendix D. is a list of inscriptions of the period. We conclude with a bibliography, which includes those hooks, inscriptions and articles which we have consulted in writing this thesis.
SOAS University of London
1965
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28540/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28540/1/10672699.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:28541
2023-09-28T10:21:13Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D54:53525431
74797065733D746865736973
Priests and seers in the Vedas, with special reference to the evolution of the Brahman class.
1965
Misra, Padma
10.25501/SOAS.00028541
Proquest
This study traces the evolution of the Brahmans as a sacerdotal caste during the Vedic period. An alternative view is offered to the generally accepted ideas about the Brahmans based on the Smrtis. By presenting a semantic study of certain keywords for priest-poets in the Rgveda and by relying on a functional approach we hope to offer a more consistent interpretation of the development of the notion of Brahmanism. The factors that contributed to the development of the Vedic priesthood into the Brahman class are traced to the fusion of the pre-Vedic Aryan and indigenous culture patterns and religious ideas. Chapter I deals with the notion of caste and surveys certain historical approaches to it, in so far as they have influenced social studies of the Vedic period, and puts forward the need for a new approach on this subject. The literary sources for the Vedic period, the method of their interpretation and their chronology are discussed in chapter II. The third chapter outlines the pre-Vedic indiganous culture streams and deals with the migration of the Indo-Aryans into India. In addition it surveys the Aryan and the non-Aryan elements of the ensuing composite Vedic society. The four succeeding chapters analyse the words vipra, rsi, purohita and brahman. The conclusion sets out the issues involved in this study.
SOAS University of London
1965
Theses
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28541/
https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28541/1/10672700.pdf
application/pdf
eng
public
Ph.D.
doctoral
SOAS University of London
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