2024-03-28T17:12:37Z
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oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:183
2024-02-09T13:46:14Z
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What is at stake, politically, in abandoning claims that one's actions are legitimized by some form of transcendent authority? Analysing this question moves us beyond human rights debates about foundationalism, and asks whether the efficacy of claims made by human rights advocates is undermined by their inability, conceptually and politically, to make the case that human rights are moral truths rather than a more temporal and secular doctrine. Through an analysis of Amnesty International and its ambivalent grounding in Kantian notions of morality, and by considering competing religious and national claims to authority, I assess whether or not human rights activism suffers from an inescapable political ineptitude that must eventually see it decline in the face of more ardent and politically effective authority claims.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/183/1/The_Politics_of_Moral_Authority%2C_20th_Sept_2007.pdfenSOAS Department of Politics and International Studies605085104600The Politics of Moral AuthorityHopgood, Stephen2007-09MonographAO
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:2908
2022-08-07T13:32:33Z
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enSage03058298605085104600Reading the Small Print in Global Civil Society: The Inexorable Hegemony of the Liberal SelfHopgood, Stephen2000Journal Article/ReviewNAhttp://doi.org/10.1177/03058298000290010601
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:2909
2018-06-22T15:53:44Z
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:2910
2018-06-22T15:53:44Z
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:2911
2018-06-22T15:53:44Z
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:2912
2022-07-10T18:28:18Z
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In an increasingly interdependent world, marked by growing numbers of non-governmental organizations and international institutions, this book presents a powerful argument for the continued relevance of the state to our understanding of international relations. Drawing on detailed primary research, the book examines the key role central state officials have played in formulating American foreign environmental policy, and concludes that claims for the diminishing domestic-international divide, and the erosion of state sovereignty are overstated. Nonetheless, in arguing forcefully that the focus for explanation should lie with politics inside the institutions of state, the book rejects Realist, Pluralist, and Marxist accounts of foreign-policy making. This state-centric focus allows for domestic and international factors to play a role at the same time as stressing that, in foreign environmental politics at least, the state remains the dominant policy-making institution.enOxford University Press9780198292593605085104600American Foreign Environmental Policy and the Power of the StateHopgood, Stephen1998BookNAhttp://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198292593.001.0001
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:3508
2021-05-27T10:15:51Z
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"If one organization is synonymous with keeping hope alive, even as a faint glimmer in the darkness of a prison, it is Amnesty International. Amnesty has been the light, and that light was truth—bearing witness to suffering hidden from the eyes of the world."—from Keepers of the FlameThe first in-depth look at working life inside a major human rights organization, Keepers of the Flame charts the history of Amnesty International and the development of its nerve center, the International Secretariat, over forty-five years. Through interviews with staff members, archival research, and unprecedented access to Amnesty International's internal meetings, Stephen Hopgood provides an engrossing and enlightening account of day-to-day operations within the organization, larger decisions about the nature of its mission, and struggles over the implementation of that mission.An enduring feature of Amnesty's inner life, Hopgood finds, has been a recurrent struggle between the "keepers of the flame" who seek to preserve Amnesty's accumulated store of moral authority and reformers who hope to change, modernize, and use that moral authority in ways that its protectors fear may erode the organization's uniqueness. He also explores how this concept of moral authority affects the working lives of the servants of such an ideal and the ways in which it can undermine an institution's political authority over time. Hopgood argues that human-rights activism is a social practice best understood as a secular religion where internal conflict between sacred and profane—the mission and the practicalities of everyday operations—are both unavoidable and necessary.Keepers of the Flame is vital reading for anyone interested in Amnesty International, its accomplishments, agonies, obligations, fears, opportunities, and challenges—or, more broadly, in how humanitarian organizations accommodate the moral passions that energize volunteers and professional staff alike.enCornell University Press9780801472510605085104600Keepers of the Flame: Understanding Amnesty InternationalHopgood, Stephen2006BookNAhttp://doi.org/10.7591/9780801469848
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2022-06-24T11:00:33Z
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enOxford University Press9780199261420605085104600Looking beyond the "K-Word": Embedded Multilateralism in American Foreign Environmental PolicyHopgood, StephenFoot, RosemaryMacFarlane, S. NeilMastanduno, M.2003Book chapterNA
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2022-06-19T18:15:53Z
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enOxford University Press9780199276998605085104600Tamil Tigers, 1987-2002Hopgood, StephenGambetta, D.2005Book chapterNA
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:4867
2023-12-05T08:21:42Z
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The study of transnationalism has largely bypassed refugees, or in rare cases has focused specifically on their political activities. Proceeding from recent perspectives in international migration studies which suggest that there may be at best only a blurred conceptual distinction between refugees and other migrants, this article subjects two refugee groups - Eritreans and Bosnians in various European countries - to the type of transnational analysis more commonly found among labour migrants. It extends the focus from political activities to show how refugees can become involved in a range of economic, social and cultural transnational activities. At the same time, the paper identifies a range of obstacles which differentially influence the desire and capacity of the study populations to participate in these activities. On the basis of this empirical evidence, we make the case for a fuller incorporation of refugees in the contemporary study of transnationalism. At a more conceptual level, the paper charts the evolution of transnational characteristics among the study populations. The implication, which extends beyond the refugee context alone, is that transnationalism is not a 'state of being', as is sometimes implied by the existing literature, but rather that transnationalism is a dynamic process.enTaylor and Francis1369183X868060502050Refugees and transnationalism: the experience of Bosnians and Eritreans in EuropeAl-Ali, NadjeBlack, RichardKoser, Khalid2001-10-01Journal Article/ReviewNAhttp://doi.org/10.1080/13691830120090412
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:5212
2022-07-04T07:59:24Z
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enCornell University Press97808014448696050851046008670Saying "No" to Wal-Mart? Money and Morality in Professional HumanitarianismHopgood, StephenBarnett, Michael N.Weiss, Thomas G.Book chapterNA
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:12091
2018-06-22T16:02:18Z
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:13619
2022-07-04T07:58:18Z
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enOxford University Press9780199916023605085104600Faith in MarketsHopgood, StephenVinjamuri, LeslieBarnett, Michael N.Stein, Janice2012-08-01Book chapterNA
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2021-05-27T10:12:57Z
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"We are living through the endtimes of the civilizing mission. The ineffectual International Criminal Court and its disastrous first prosecutor, Luis Moreno-Ocampo, along with the failure in Syria of the Responsibility to Protect are the latest pieces of evidence not of transient misfortunes but of fatal structural defects in international humanism. Whether it is the increase in deadly attacks on aid workers, the torture and 'disappearing' of al-Qaeda suspects by American officials, the flouting of international law by states such as Sri Lanka and Sudan, or the shambles of the Khmer Rouge tribunal in Phnom Penh, the prospect of one world under secular human rights law is receding. What seemed like a dawn is in fact a sunset. The foundations of universal liberal norms and global governance are crumbling."—from The Endtimes of Human RightsIn a book that is at once passionate and provocative, Stephen Hopgood argues, against the conventional wisdom, that the idea of universal human rights has become not only ill adapted to current realities but also overambitious and unresponsive. A shift in the global balance of power away from the United States further undermines the foundations on which the global human rights regime is based. American decline exposes the contradictions, hypocrisies and weaknesses behind the attempt to enforce this regime around the world and opens the way for resurgent religious and sovereign actors to challenge human rights.Historically, Hopgood writes, universal humanist norms inspired a sense of secular religiosity among the new middle classes of a rapidly modernizing Europe. Human rights were the product of a particular worldview (Western European and Christian) and specific historical moments (humanitarianism in the nineteenth century, the aftermath of the Holocaust). They were an antidote to a troubling contradiction—the coexistence of a belief in progress with horrifying violence and growing inequality. The obsolescence of that founding purpose in the modern globalized world has, Hopgood asserts, transformed the institutions created to perform it, such as the International Committee of the Red Cross and recently the International Criminal Court, into self-perpetuating structures of intermittent power and authority that mask their lack of democratic legitimacy and systematic ineffectiveness. At their best, they provide relief in extraordinary situations of great distress; otherwise they are serving up a mixture of false hope and unaccountability sustained by "human rights" as a global brand.The Endtimes of Human Rights is sure to be controversial. Hopgood makes a plea for a new understanding of where hope lies for human rights, a plea that mourns the promise but rejects the reality of universalism in favor of a less predictable encounter with the diverse realities of today's multipolar world.enCornell University Press978080145237660508510FDC5The Endtimes of Human RightsHopgood, Stephen2013BookNAhttp://doi.org/10.7591/9780801469305
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:18086
2024-02-09T14:33:15Z
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A focus on those who are trapped challenges both theoretical and practical approaches to mobility and crisis, which prioritise movement. Those who have lost control of the decision to move away from potential danger have inevitably lost a lot more too.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/18086/1/black-collyer.pdfenRefugee Studies Centre of the Oxford Department of International Development, University of Oxford.1460981960503500Populations 'trapped' at times of crisisBlack, RichardCollyer, Michael2014-02Journal Article/ReviewAO
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:18148
2023-02-21T20:45:34Z
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There is growing international concern at an apparent rise in the severity and frequency of extreme environmental events as a manifestation of global environmental change, and that this could be linked with a future rise in the migration or displacement of human populations. However, recent approaches to migration influenced by environmental change call into question the notion that migration can be ascribed in a singular way to particular environmental causes or events. This paper undertakes a systematic review of evidence on population movements associated with weather-related extreme events. The paper demonstrates that in the face of extreme environmental events, it is important to distinguish between three outcomes migration, displacement, and immobility each of which interact and respond to multiple drivers. A narrow focus on any one of these misses the point: both those who move, and those who do not move, may find themselves trapped and vulnerable in the face of such extreme events; short-term displacement that goes hand-in-hand with loss of life, destruction of property and economic disruption poses significant risks not because it is 'environmental migration', but because it represents a failure of adaptation to environmental change.enElsevier1462901160505800220Migration, immobility and displacement outcomes of extreme eventsBlack, RichardArnell, Nigel W.Adger, W. NeilThomas, DavidGeddes, Andrew2013-03Journal Article/ReviewNAhttp://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2012.09.001
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2023-03-04T11:30:26Z
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Fears of the movement of large numbers of people as a result of changes in the environment were first voiced in the 1980s (ref. 1). Nearly thirty years later the numbers likely to migrate as a result of the impacts of climate change are still, at best, guesswork(2). Owing to the high prevalence of rainfed agriculture, many livelihoods in sub-Saharan African drylands are particularly vulnerable to changes in climate. One commonly adopted response strategy used by populations to deal with the resulting livelihood stress is migration. Here, we use an agent-based model developed around the theory of planned behaviour to explore how climate and demographic change, defined by the ENSEMBLES project(3) and the United Nations Statistics Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs(4), combine to influence migration within and from Burkina Faso. The emergent migration patterns modelled support framing the nexus of climate change and migration as a complex adaptive system(5). Using this conceptual framework, we show that the extent of climate-change-related migration is likely to be highly nonlinear and the extent of this nonlinearity is dependent on population growth; therefore supporting migration policy interventions based on both demographic and climate change adaptation.enSpringer Nature1758678X60505800220Emerging migration flows in a changing climate in dryland AfricaKniveton, DominicSmith, ChristopherBlack, Richard2012-06Journal Article/ReviewNAhttp://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1447
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2022-01-09T09:43:52Z
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The influence of the environment and environmental change is largely unrepresented in standard theories of migration, whilst recent debates on climate change and migration focus almost entirely on displacement and perceive migration to be a problem. Drawing on an increasing evidence base that has assessed elements of the influence of the environment on migration, this paper presents a new framework for understanding the effect of environmental change on migration. The framework identifies five families of drivers which affect migration decisions: economic, political, social, demographic and environmental drivers. The environment drives migration through mechanisms characterised as the availability and reliability of ecosystem services and exposure to hazard. Individual migration decisions and flows are affected by these drivers operating in combination, and the effect of the environment is therefore highly dependent on economic, political, social and demographic context. Environmental change has the potential to affect directly the hazardousness of place. Environmental change also affects migration indirectly, in particular through economic drivers, by changing livelihoods for example, and political drivers, through affecting conflicts over resources, for example. The proposed framework, applicable to both international and internal migration, emphasises the role of human agency in migration decisions, in particular the linked role of family and household characteristics on the one hand, and barriers and facilitators to movement on the other in translating drivers into actions. The framework can be used to guide new research, assist with the evaluation of policy options, and provide a context for the development of scenarios representing a range of plausible migration futures.enElsevier0959378060505800220Migration and global environmental changeBlack, RichardAdger, W. NeilArnell, Nigel W.Dercon, StefanGeddes, AndrewThomas, David2011-10Journal Article/ReviewNAhttp://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.10.005
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2022-09-24T13:26:54Z
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enSpringer Nature0028083660505800220Climate change: migration as adaptationBlack, RichardBennett, Stephen R GThomas, Sandy MBeddington, John R2011-10Journal Article/ReviewNAhttp://doi.org/10.1038/478477a
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2022-10-05T10:13:44Z
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This paper provides a conceptual overview of the impacts of the 2008 global financial downturn in the context of international migration and presents some initial evidence from the wider development literature. A human well-being approach is proposed as a lens for analysing the impacts of the crisis on poverty and migration outcomes. This approach offers greater holism in analysis by considering the interaction between material and psychosocial dimensions. This analysis suggests that existing policy framed within 'immigration' discourses is insufficient to manage the complexities of a postcrisis world and argues for greater adoption of developmental approaches in shaping migration policy.enWiley0954174860505800220International migration and the downturn: assessing the impacts of the global financial downturn on migration, poverty and human well-beingWright, KatieBlack, Richard2011-05Journal Article/ReviewNAhttp://doi.org/10.1002/jid.1792
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2022-10-05T10:13:09Z
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This policy arena investigates the impacts of the 2008 global financial crisis on poverty, migration and human well-being. It uses a human well-being lens to provide a framework for conceptualising a range of impacts that crosscut material and psychosocial domains. This review suggests a need to question the adequacy of existing migration policies aimed at 'managing migration' by measures such as stimulating return. It suggests that the global financial crisis requires a reframing of policy responses by moving beyond a focus on 'migration control' towards broader understandings of the poverty, international migration and human well-being nexus.enWiley0954174860505800220Poverty, migration and human well-being: towards a post-crisis research and policy agendaWright, KatieBlack, Richard2011-05Journal Article/ReviewNAhttp://doi.org/10.1002/jid.1791
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2022-05-08T18:19:28Z
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enSage0308518X60505800220Migration and climate change: towards an integrated assessment of sensitivityBlack, RichardKniveton, DominicSchmidt-Verkerk, Kerstin2011-01Journal Article/ReviewNAhttp://doi.org/10.1068/a43154
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2022-06-08T15:50:12Z
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enUniversity of California Press978052026151860502205800People on the Move: An Atlas of Human MigrationKing, RussellBlack, RichardCollyer, MichaelFielding, AnthonySkeldon, Ronald2010-01BookNA
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:18156
2022-08-28T07:44:44Z
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This paper reviews available data sources for the study of migration and development through both retrospective and continuous data collection systems. It is argued that much basic data already exists for the study of international migration but that the addition of a relatively small number of simple, although not necessarily cheap measures can be taken to improve existing data. The priority is to generate flow data between countries for recent time periods and the paper makes suggestions how this can be best achieved. The paper goes on to an assessment of the types and availability of data needed to understand better the relationships between migration and development more broadly. Data at several scales, macro and micro, and for a variety of types of migration will be required in order to achieve this objective, particularly if less visible flows, such as those internal to developing countries, or those involving women, are to be better understood. The paper concludes by moving beyond the traditional state-led data-gathering systems to examine the potential for civil society organizations to help in strengthening data and research on migration and development.enWiley1747737960505800220Strengthening data and research tools on migration and developmentBlack, RichardSkeldon, Ronald2009-10Journal Article/ReviewNAhttp://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2435.2009.00575.x
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2022-08-19T15:35:51Z
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This paper explores the relationship between international migration and entrepreneurship, drawing on data on around 300 return migrants to two West African states, Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire. The paper reviews existing evidence on the role of entrepreneurship and small firm formation in promoting development in Sub-Saharan Africa, before setting out a model of factors that influence whether migrants contribute to entrepreneurial activity by registering a business after their return. Factors tested for their association with entrepreneurship include a range of individual characteristics, duration of stay and reasons for return, and the acquisition of financial, human and social capital while abroad. The analysis suggests that work experience abroad is the most significant predictor of entrepreneurial activity among the return migrants interviewed, although savings accumulated while abroad, reasons for return and the frequency of visits home while abroad are also significant factors.enWiley0040747X60505800220Return migration and entrepreneurship in Ghana and Cote d'lvoire: the role of capital transfersBlack, RichardCastaldo, Adriana2009-02Journal Article/ReviewNAhttp://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9663.2009.00504.x
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2022-10-04T11:26:04Z
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enRefugee Studies Centre of the Oxford Department of International Development, University of Oxford.1460981960505800220Predictive ModelingSmith, ChristopherKniveton, DominicWood, SharonBlack, Richard2008-10Journal Article/ReviewNA
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2022-10-23T07:24:17Z
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This paper explores the experiences of new European immigrants (from Albania, Bulgaria, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro and Ukraine) in the UK labour market, in relation to their education and training at home, as well as the extent of occupational mobility within the UK. It draws on a survey of nearly 400 new immigrants interviewed in late 2005, and a similar number of long-term residents in Brighton & Hove, Hackney and Harrow. The study does not show signs of heavy competition for jobs between the immigrants and long-term residents. Labour shortages appear to remain, with East Europeans reporting low levels of unemployment and long-term residents reporting little antipathy towards these newcomers.enPolicy Press1759827360505800220The experiences of 'new' East European immigrants in the UK labour marketMarkova, EugeniaBlack, Richard2008-02Journal Article/ReviewNAhttp://doi.org/10.51952/UKMR3134
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2018-06-22T16:07:02Z
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enDevelopment Research Centre on Migration, Globalisation and Poverty, University of Sussex. Working paper T2760505800220Demographics and climate change: future trends and their policy implications for migrationBlack, RichardKniveton, DominicSkeldon, RonaldCoppard, DavidMurata, AkiraSchmidt-Verkerk, KerstinMonographNA
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2018-06-22T16:07:02Z
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enInternational Organization for Migration. MRS No.3360505800220Climate Change and Migration: Improving Methodologies to Estimate FlowsKniveton, DominicSchmidt-Verkerk, KerstinSmith, ChristopherBlack, RichardMonographNA
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2018-06-22T16:07:02Z
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This paper reports on the findings of a survey conducted by the Sussex Centre for Migration Research on migration and poverty in three regions of Eastern Europe and Central Asia in 2006. The research included a review of available literature, and field-level discussions with policy-makers in four countries/territories (Moldova, Tajikistan, Kosovo and Georgia). For each of the three regions (Western Balkans, the 'European Neighbourhood' and Central Asia), the paper explores the context of poverty and development and general migration trends, before focusing on policies orientated towards migration management, and the broader impact of migration on poverty. It concludes with a number of policy recommendations. Four further working papers complement this paper, each on one of the case study countries mentioned above.enUniversity of Sussex. Working Paper C960505800220Understanding migration as a driver of poverty reduction in Europe and Central AsiaBlack, RichardJones, LarissaPantiru, Maria CristinaSabates-Wheeler, RachelSkeldon, RonaldVathi, ZanaMonographNA
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:18164
2022-09-20T12:41:33Z
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enUPD Journals2012080X60505800220Should governments encourage migration?Black, Richard2007-01Journal Article/ReviewNA
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:18165
2022-07-14T08:49:59Z
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An exploration of how Eastern European immigration affects community cohesion. This study profiles new immigrants from five Eastern European countries living in the London Boroughs of Harrow and Hackney and the City of Brighton and Hove. It explores how the presence of these new immigrants (from Albania, Bulgaria, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro and Ukraine) affects community cohesion. This research explores the characteristics and experiences of new European immigrants to the UK since 1989, including their interaction with local long-term residents, and in relation to issues of community cohesion. Focusing on three localities in South-East England, the report: - highlights positive features of this new immigration; - explores how the presence of these new affects community cohesion; - contributes to the public debate on integration and cohesion; and - draws on interviews with new immigrants and long-term residents in 2005.enJoseph Rowntree Foundation978185935581760505800220East European immigration and community cohesionMarkova, EugeniaBlack, Richard2007-01BookNA
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:18166
2018-06-22T16:07:03Z
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enRoutledge978185743365460505800220Moving backwards? Migration in sub-Saharan AfricaBlack, RichardMarschall, Barbarra2006-12-14Book chapterNA
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:18167
2022-08-28T07:42:36Z
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enWiley0020798560505800220Sustainable return in post-conflict contextsBlack, RichardGent, Saskia2006-08Journal Article/ReviewNAhttp://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2435.2006.00370.x
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:18168
2022-08-28T07:45:53Z
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enWiley1468243560505800220Sustainable Return in the Balkans: Beyond Property Restitution and PolicyBlack, RichardEastmond, MaritaGent, Saskia2006-07Journal Article/ReviewNAhttp://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2435.2006.00369.x
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:18169
2022-09-10T08:55:35Z
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This paper investigates the various ways in which migrants to the United Kingdom become illegally resident. Drawing on findings from a pilot study of undocumented migrants held in detention centres in the United Kingdom, it explores why respondents had chosen to come to the United Kingdom, how they came, and how they ended up residing illegally. In contrast to common assumptions about 'illegal immigrants', the present study reveals the diversity of paths into illegal residence, and stresses the importance of perceived safety, both from 'persecution' and more generalised violence, as well as the ease of finding work in a strong economy. The sample included both those who had knowingly come to the United Kingdom to live and work illegally, and those who had become illegal during their stay.enElsevier0016718560505800220Routes to illegal residence: a case study of immigration detainees in the United KingdomBlack, RichardCollyer, MichaelSkeldon, RonaldWaddington, Clare2006-07Journal Article/ReviewNAhttp://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2005.09.009
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:18170
2018-06-22T16:07:03Z
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enUnited Nations Development Programme60505800220From Brain Drain to Brain Gain: Mobilising Albania's Skilled DiasporaBlack, RichardGedeshi, IMonographNA
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2018-06-22T16:07:03Z
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enRoutledge978041538497160505800220Return of refugees: retrospect and prospectBlack, RichardDumper, Michael2006-10-17Book chapterNA
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:18172
2022-09-06T07:43:42Z
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enSage1472343360505800220Local community, legitimacy and culture authenticity in post-conflict natural resource management: Ethiopia and MozambiqueBlack, RichardWatson, Elizabeth2006-03Journal Article/ReviewNAhttp://doi.org/10.1068/d0703
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:18173
2022-02-21T10:19:31Z
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enAmsterdam University Press978905356866860505800220Migration and development: causes and consequencesBlack, RichardXiang, BiaoCollyer, MichaelEngbersen, GodfriedHeering, LiesbethMarkova, EugeniaPenninx, RinusBerger, MariaKraal, Karen2006-01Book chapterNA
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:18174
2022-08-28T07:43:52Z
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:18175
2018-06-22T16:07:03Z
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International migration is a powerful symbol of global inequality, whether in terms of wages, labour market opportunities, or lifestyles. Millions of workers and their families move each year across borders and across continents, seeking to reduce what they see as the gap between their own position and that of people in other, wealthier, places. In turn, there is a growing consensus in the development field that migration represents an important livelihood diversification strategy for many in the world?s poorest nations.1 This includes not only international migration, but also permanent, temporary and seasonal migrations within poorer countries, a phenomenon of considerable importance across much of Africa, Asia and Latin America. Yet it is also clear that migration - and perhaps especially international migration - is an activity that carries significant risks and costs. As such, although migration is certainly rooted, at least in part, in income and wealth inequalities between sending and receiving areas, it does not necessarily reduce inequality in the way intended by many migrants. Much depends on the distribution of these costs and benefits, both within and between sending and receiving countries and regions. Also important in terms of the aggregate impact of migration on sending societies is the selectivity of migration itself. Clearly if most migrants were to come from the poorest sections of society, and they were to achieve net gains from migration, this would act to reduce economic inequality at least, all other things being equal. But migrants are not always the poorest, they do not always gain, and other factors are not equal.enWorld Development Report 2006 Background Papers60505800220Migration and InequalityBlack, RichardNatali, ClaudiaSkinner, JessicaMonographNA
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:18176
2018-06-22T16:07:03Z
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This report responds to rising interest amongst policy makers and the media in the phenomenon of illegal or undocumented migration to the UK in a context of limited research information. It is based on interviews with a sample of 83 migrants detained in one of three immigration detention facilities (Harmondsworth, Tinsley House, Campsfield) between December 2001 and March 2002, and explores these individuals' motivations for coming to the UK, their routes both to the UK and into illegal residence, and their experiences whilst living in the UK, including their means of support, their involvement in the job market, and their use of public services. The report also considers the extent to which this group could be seen as victims of coercive 'traffickers', their experience of detention, and the extent to which interviews with immigration detainees represent an appropriate and valuable form of evidence about the wider illegally resident migrant population.enHome Office Online Report 20/0560505800220A survey of the illegally resident population in detention in the UKBlack, RichardCollyer, MichaelSkeldon, RonaldWaddington, ClareMonographNA
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:18177
2018-06-22T16:07:03Z
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Migration has been an integral part of labour markets and livelihoods across much of the African continent for at least the last century. Over time, and in different places, it has taken a number of different forms. It has included internal, regional and international movements. It has cut across class and skill boundaries, and exists in widely different demographic contexts. Migration represents an important livelihood strategy for poor households seeking to diversify their sources of income, but is also characteristic of the better off, and indeed of many African elites. This paper reports on the findings of a survey conducted by the Sussex Centre for Migration Research on migration and pro-poor policy in Africa. The survey covered existing literature, and discussions with DFID country offices across the continent, and was conducted in early 2004. The paper is complemented by three separate papers, on West, East and Southern Africa, which are published separately by the Development Research Centre on Migration, Globalisation and Poverty, and together by the Department for International Development.enDevelopment Research Centre on Migration, Globalisation and Poverty. Working Paper C660505800220Migration and pro-poor policy in AfricaBlack, RichardMonographNA
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:18178
2022-09-26T12:31:39Z
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enWiley1544845260505800220Editorial Introduction: Migration, Return and Development in West AfricaBlack, RichardKing, Russell2004-03Journal Article/ReviewNAhttp://doi.org/10.1002/psp.318
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:18179
2018-06-22T16:07:03Z
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Voluntary return of refugees and asylum seekers is seen as an increasingly important element of the UK policy agenda on immigration and asylum, consistent with proposals contained within the 2002 White Paper Secure Borders, Safe Haven: Integration with Diversity in Modern Britain. Since 1999, the Immigration and Nationality Directorate (IND) of the UK Home Office has been funding programmes to assist failed asylum applicants, those awaiting a decision and those with time-limited exceptional leave to enter or remain, who wish to return to their country of origin. In the context of increasing UK government interest in this area, this report describes the findings of a study commissioned by the Home Office to explore the factors influencing the decision to return, including the role played by incentives, as well as to enhance understanding of the concept of the 'sustainability' of return. The research was conducted by a team based at the Sussex Centre for Migration Research, and involved fieldwork both in the UK and in the Balkans. This chapter sets out the aims and objectives of the report, its background and relevance, and its structure.enHome Office Online Report 50/0460505800220Understanding voluntary returnBlack, RichardKoser, KhalidMunk, KarenAtfield, GabyD'Onofrio, LisaTiemoko, RichmondMonographNA
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2022-06-24T16:04:36Z
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enKarthala978284586471960505800220Migration, Retour et Impact en Afrique de l'OuestTiemoko, RichmondBlack, RichardDamon, Jacqueline2004-01Book chapterNA
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:18181
2022-02-21T10:18:31Z
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What are the development targets, such as the International Development Targets and the Millennium Development Goals, for? For supporters, they are a crystallisation of what it is that international development is supposed to be about. The Targets are seven quantifiable goals, against which the performance of donors and international development agencies can be measured. First set out in the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) document Shaping the Twenty-First Century (OECD, 1996), they won unprecedented support and prominence. In the UK in particular, the Department for International Development (DFID), and its former Secretary of State, Clare Short, was vocal in promoting the International Development Targets. They have occupied a central position in two government White Papers, the public pronouncements of the Secretary of State, and within DFID in developing its new anti-poverty strategy. Meanwhile, agreement on the ‘Millennium Development Goals’ at the Millennium Summit in New York in September 2000 has extended the number of agreed targets to eighteen, although some are not precisely defined.enRoutledge978041539465960505800220Millennium Development Goals: a drop in the ocean?White, HowardBlack, RichardBlack, RichardWhite, Howard2004-01Book chapterNA
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2022-08-22T20:14:40Z
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enCambridge University Press0002020660505800220Conflict, Peace, and the History of Natural Resource Management in Sussundenga District, MozambiqueSchafer, JessicaBlack, Richard2003-09Journal Article/ReviewNAhttp://doi.org/10.2307/1515042
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2022-09-23T12:40:28Z
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enMigration Policy Institute1946403760505800220Soaring remittances raise new issuesBlack, Richard2003-06Journal Article/ReviewNA
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:18184
2022-08-10T20:42:38Z
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Notable strides have been made in recent years to develop codes of conduct for humanitarian intervention in conflicts on the part of international NGOs and UN organisations. Yet engagement by the academic and broader research communities with humanitarian crises and ongoing complex political emergencies remains relatively ad hoc and unregulated beyond the basic ethical guidelines and norms developed within universities for research in general, and within the governing and representative bodies of particular academic disciplines. This paper draws on a case study of research on humanitarian assistance to Liberia during that country's civil war from 1989 to 1996. The difficulties faced by humanitarian agencies in Liberia led to the development of two key sets of ethical guidelines for humanitarian intervention: the Joint Policy of Operations (JPO) and Principles and Policies of Humanitarian Operations (PPHO). This paper seeks to address what lessons, if any, these ethical guidelines, together with different experiences of conducting research in war-torn Liberia, can provide in terms of the role of academic researchers — and research itself — in humanitarian crises.enWiley1467771760505800220Ethical codes in humanitarian emergencies: from practice to researchBlack, Richard2003-05Journal Article/ReviewNAhttp://doi.org/10.1111/1467-7717.00222
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:18185
2018-06-22T16:07:04Z
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Previous studies on return migration have stressed the propensity of returning migrants to invest primarily in household consumption; where ?productive? investments have taken place, these are usually seen to involve micro-enterprises that contribute little to development or poverty reduction. Yet development initiatives more broadly are increasingly orientated towards small enterprise development, often through the promotion of micro-credit for small entrepreneurs. Migration and return can be seen as a mechanism for providing capital for the development of small enterprises, particularly amongst poorer and less-skilled migrants. This paper uses results from a survey of international return migrants to Ghana undertaken in 2001 to explore the extent to which the processes of migration and return have contributed to development and poverty alleviation through the promotion of small businesses. It examines the role of acquisition of financial, human and social capital whilst abroad in contributing to enterprise development. It also considers the extent to which public policy incentives and constraints have affected the promotion of small enterprises amongst returning migrants, and suggests measures that could enhance this process.enSussex Migration Working Paper no. 960505800220Migration, return and small enterprise development in Ghana: a route out of poverty?Black, RichardKing, RussellTiemoko, RichmondMonographNA
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2022-06-08T15:51:33Z
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This paper responds to the interest of the Home Office's Immigration, Research and Statistics Service (IRSS) in creating a longitudinal database to provide information on the social and economic outcomes for refugees and other migrants entering and settling in the United Kingdom. The research team were asked to provide information on current longitudinal methods used worldwide in creating suitable databases on migrant profiles and outcomes, with specific reference to four existing longitudinal surveys (LS) in Canada, the United States, Australia and New Zealand.enSussex Centre for Migration Research. Sussex Migration Working Paper no. 1460502205800Longitudinal studies: an insight into current studies and the social and economic outcomes for migrantsBlack, RichardFielding, AnthonyKing, RussellSkeldon, RonaldTiemoko, RichmondMonographNA
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:18187
2023-02-21T11:08:22Z
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The study of refugees by geographers and other social scientists is, almost by definition, framed around a series of legal categories, which provide us with more or less neat categories of types of involuntary migrants. Yet the process of migration emerges in relation to legal categories and is not simply dictated by them. Thus, as legislation on migration in general and the interpretation of the 1951 Geneva Convention in particular have become more restrictive, patterns of migration have increasingly emerged that manipulate, circumvent or simply break existing legislation.enWiley1467833060505800Breaking the convention: researching the 'illegal' migration of refugees to EuropeBlack, Richard2003-01Journal Article/ReviewNAhttp://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8330.00301
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2022-09-26T18:58:08Z
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enTufts University1041980260502205800Forced migration and sustainable development: post-conflict opportunities in Ethiopia and MozambiqueBlack, Richard2003-01Journal Article/ReviewNA
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2018-06-22T16:07:04Z
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enContributions to Encarta Encyclopaedia. Microsoft60505800220Refugee and asylum-seekerBlack, RichardotherNA
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:18191
2022-08-19T19:11:20Z
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Recent years have seen growing recognition of the dynamic and negotiated nature of cultural identity, and the globalization of political and economic processes. However, assumptions about the rootedness of people in particular places retain a powerful hold over public policy. This paper considers some of the consequences of this paradox by examining policies to promote the repatriation of refugees from European Union states to their 'homes' in Bosnia-Herzegovina since 1995. The question of when, and on what basis, different actors consider it safe or appropriate for refugees? exile to end is rooted both in different conceptions of 'home', and in varying assessments of individual, national and state interests. These lead in turn to different evaluations of 'success' of refugee return, and of policies to promote it.enElsevier0143622860505800220Conceptions of 'home' and the political geography of refugee repatriation: between assumption and contested reality in Bosnia-HerzegovinaBlack, Richard2002-04Journal Article/ReviewNAhttp://doi.org/10.1016/S0143-6228(02)00003-6
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2018-06-22T16:07:04Z
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enHodder Arnold978034076050560505800220RefugeesBlack, RichardDesai, VandanaPotter, Robert B2001-11-02Book chapterNA
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:18194
2020-03-24T17:41:39Z
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This paper provides a state-of-the-art literature review and is intended to stimulate discussions around some of the most salient issues concerning the relationship between migration, return, and development. It outlines the operational framework and research strategy that will be used to investigate this relationship in an ongoing research project focused on West Africa. The report first presents an overview of the contemporary trends in international migration, or more precisely intercontinental migration, regarding this geographical region. It then discusses the consequences that such migrations can have on domestic labour markets, the effects of migrant remittances, and the brain drain phenomenon. The return of migrants is addressed in a seperate section because this part of the migration process deserves special attention if a better understanding of the migration-development linkage is sought. The developmental impacts of potential capital transfers occurring with return, and particularly the transfer of financial, human, and social capital, are discussed in the subsequent section. Finally, the last section of this paper presents elements for a meso-level approach to study these issues in order to achieve an improved understanding of the highly complex relationship between international migration, return, and development.enInternational Organization for Migration60505800220Harnessing the potential of Migration and Return to Promote Development: Applying Concepts to West AfricaAmmassari, SavinaBlack, RichardMonographNAhttp://doi.org/10.18356/e702d9a1-en
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:18195
2022-10-01T10:15:30Z
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enJohns Hopkins University Press1945471660505800220Return and reconstruction: missing link or mistaken priority in post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina?Black, Richard2001-08Journal Article/ReviewNAhttp://doi.org/10.1353/sais.2001.0031
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:18196
2022-09-06T08:14:02Z
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This article explores limitations on the concept of transnationalism, through examination of two empirical case studies of communities characterized by emerging transnational practices. Mirroring recent shifts of attention in studies of transnational migration away from US-based examples of established migrant workers, the article focuses on Bosnian refugees in the UK and The Netherlands, and Eritrean refugees in the UK and Germany. It stresses the importance of historical context, and the interconnection of social, political and institutional factors in producing highly uneven patterns of transnational activities both within and between these two groups.enTaylor and Francis14664356868060505800220The limits to transnationalism: Bosnian and Eritrean refugees in Europe as emerging transnational communitiesAl-Ali, NadjeBlack, RichardKoser, Khalid2001-06Journal Article/ReviewNAhttp://doi.org/10.1080/01419870120049798
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:18197
2018-06-22T16:07:04Z
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enUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. New issues in refugee research, working paper 3460505800220Environmental refugees: myth or reality?Black, RichardMonographNA
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:18198
2023-02-23T10:00:38Z
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This article reviews the growth of the field of refugee studies, focusing on its links with, and impact on, refugee policy. The last fifty years, and especially the last two decades, have witnessed both a dramatic increase in academic work on refugees and significant institutional development in the field. It is argued that these institutions have developed strong links with policymakers, although this has often failed to translate into significant policy impacts. Areas in which future policy-orientated work might be developed are considered.enWiley1747737960505800220Fifty years of refugee studies: from theory to policyBlack, Richard2001-01Journal Article/ReviewNAhttp://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2001.tb00004.x
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:18199
2022-08-28T07:44:54Z
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This article examines the limits to harmonization at the level of the European Union through a case study of policy towards people who fled the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the early 1990s. Specific attention is paid to the development of the policy of granting 'temporary protection' instead of full refugee status to Bosnian asylum-seekers, which stretched across all fifteen member states. It is argued that 'temporary protection' emerged as a set of specific responses to the outbreak of war in the former Yugoslavia, involving compromises between states' desires to restrict asylum on the one hand, but meet demand from public opinion and international organizations to offer protection to refugees on the other. Subsequent analyses have suggested that these compromises might provide an effective way forward for harmonization of policy at a European level, and even a reformulated international system of refugee protection. However, the authors question this view: they analyse the extent to which 'temporary protection' for Bosnians was coordinated, and whether it actually provided the states and individuals with the benefits that have been suggested.enWiley0020798560505800220Limits to harmonization: The temporary protection of refugees in the European UnionKoser, KhalidBlack, Richard1999-01Journal Article/ReviewNAhttp://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2435.00082
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Refugees, Environment and Development is concerned with the complex interrelationships between forced migration, natural resource management and 'sustainable development'. The book challenges the growing rhetoric that refugees 'cause' environmental degradation, and that environmental decline is promoting a new wave of 'environmental refugees'. Drawing on examples from Africa, Asia and Latin America, as well as detailed case studies of the Rwandan emergency of 1994-96, and lesser known refugee movements to Guinea and Senegal in West Africa, the book argues against a neo-Malthusian view of the relationship between population, environment and migration. The author explores alternative approaches to the dynamic processes of social and environmental change in refugee situations. This is an ideal text for undergraduate and postgraduate students concerned with environment, development and migration studies, as well as policy-makers and practitioners in the field.enLongman978113843302160505800220Refugees, environment and developmentBlack, Richard1998-10BookNAhttp://doi.org/10.4324/9781315840536
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This paper examines the impact of forced migration on land use change in Yomou prefecture in the forest region of Guinea from a broadly 'political economy' perspective. Focusing on the period since 1989, when over 500,000 refugees from Liberia and Sierra Leone have been present in the region, it considers the extent and mechanisms through which refugees have gained access to land in three study villages, and seeks explanations for the pattern of land use change that has occurred. This is seen as reflecting both the evolution of the agricultural economy of the region, and socio-political change in local communities. Implications for both environmental change, and the livelihoods of refugees and local communities are considered.enOxford University Press0001990960505800220Forced migration land-use change and political economy in the forest region of GuineaBlack, RichardSessay, Mohamed1997-10Journal Article/ReviewNAhttp://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a007885
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Stepping back from current debates over immigration in the new 'Fortress Europe', this paper examines moral and philosophical auguments for an alternative and more 'progressive' immigration policy. Despite recent interest within geography in principles of social justice, the extent to which such principles reach beyond particular societies or nations has rarely been considered explicitly. The notion of social justice may be extended to the question of immigration, without taking the position that migration should itself be seen as a 'human right'. Even within relatively conservative contractarian and communitarian conceptions of social justice, a number of suggestions can be made for 'progressive' policy options, in particular by focusing on the communal rights and duties of societies rather than the human rights of individual migrants.enWiley1475566160505800220Immigration and social justice: towards a progressive European immigration policy?Black, Richard1996-01Journal Article/ReviewNAhttp://doi.org/10.2307/622925
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The politics of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) are interwoven with the ghosts of Rwanda and Srebrenica. Although R2P can clearly be seen as an attempt to legitimate intervening in sovereign states to protect human rights, the post-2001 emphasis of advocates on intervention actually reduced the chances of truly humanitarian action by complicating the calculations of sovereigns faced with unpredictable political risks. As the military dimension to R2P wanes, so the possibility of intervention on a truly humanitarian basis might increase. And thus, the real achievement of the last two decades, embedding the idea of civilian protection as an expectation, comes into view. It is harder than it was to publicly murder your own citizens with impunity. R2P has been a success, we might say, to the extent that it has helped establish the civilian protection principle. But the historical record suggests this emerging norm predates R2P. We can even interpret R2P as a decade-long interlude, a diversion, from the underlying trend toward establishing a post-Cold War norm of preventing atrocities against civilians. What we must not expect, in Syria as in Sri Lanka, is armed intervention in an internal conflict when the United States, China and Russia have vital and conflicting interests at stake.enBrill1875984X605085104600The Last Rites for Humanitarian Intervention: Darfur, Sri Lanka and R2PHopgood, Stephen2014-06-12Journal Article/ReviewNAhttp://doi.org/10.1163/1875984X-00602006
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enIntersentia9781780683300605085104600Twentieth Century Institutions for a Twenty-First Century WorldHopgood, StephenCherif Bassiouni, M.2015-06Book chapterNA
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Capitalist modernity's paradox is to erode explicitly the social capital it relies on implicitly to mobilize people to act in concert when they share neither an identity nor an interest. Monetization and rules are the exemplary mechanisms for realizing modernity's aim of commensurability between all social qualities. Simmel helps us see this. But these abstractions create an authority vacuum. The experience of Amnesty International, emblem of modernity, is an example of efforts to overcome this. A close analysis of Amnesty shows that its authority is derived not from Kantian universalism but from a representation of the sacred that serves as a non-modern foundation for modernity. Even as attempts are made to profane this moral authority through commodification and politicization, we can see in the universalization of the Holocaust narrative a renewed effort at creating a singular global memory for humanity as a whole.enSage1460371360508510FDC5Moral authority, modernity, and the politics of the sacredHopgood, Stephen2009Journal Article/ReviewNAhttp://doi.org/10.1177/1354066109103138
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enOxford University Press17579619605085104600Dignity and Ennui: Amnesty International, Amnesty International Report 2009: The State of the World's Human Rights, London: Amnesty International PublicationsHopgood, Stephen2010Journal Article/ReviewNAhttp://doi.org/10.1093/jhuman/hup025
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enUtrecht University Press9789039357071605085104600Amnesty International’s Growth and Development Since 1961Hopgood, Stephende Jonge, Wilco2011Book chapterNA
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application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/21546/1/debating_the_endtimes_of_human_rights.pdfenAmnesty International NetherlandsDebating the Endtimes of Human Rights: Activism and Institutions in a Post-Westphalian World605085104600The Endtimes of human rightsHopgood, StephenLettinga, Doutjevan Troost, Lars2014-07Book chapterVoR
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en605085104600Human Rights: Past Their Sell-By Date. openGlobalRights [online]Hopgood, Stephen2013-06-18otherNA
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enWashington Post, January 3rd 2014605085104600The End of Human RightsHopgood, Stephen2014-01otherNA
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enopenDemocracy/openGlobalRights605085104600It begins and ends with power. openGlobalRights [online]Hopgood, Stephen2013-08-06otherNA
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enE-International Relations605085104600InterviewHopgood, Stephen2015-07-03otherNA
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enWiley1747737960503500Distance, transnational arrangements and return decisions of Senegalese, Ghanaian and Congolese migrantsGonzález-Ferrer, AmparoBaizán, PauBeauchemin, CrisKraus, ElisabethSchoumaker, BrunoBlack, Richard2014-12-23Journal Article/ReviewNAhttp://doi.org/10.1111/imre.12148
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A Continent Moving West? argues that the conceptualization of migration as a one-way or long-term process is becoming increasingly wide of the mark. Rather, east-west labor migration in Europe, in common perhaps with other flows in and from other parts of the world, is diverse, fluid, and influenced by the dynamics of local and sector-specific labor markets and migration-related political regulations. The papers in this book contribute to critical understanding of the east-west migration within the European Union after the 2004 enlargement, from the new to the old member states.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/22456/1/373639.pdfenAmsterdam University Press978908964156460503500A Continent Moving West? EU Enlargement and Labour Migration from Central and Eastern EuropeBlack, RichardPantiru, Maria CristinaEngbersen, GodfriedOkolski, Marek2010-10-14BookVoRhttp://doi.org/10.1515/9789048510979
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enClio Press978185109143060503500AngolaBlack, RichardBookNA
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enEdward Arnold978047023571360503500Rural Europe: Identity and ChangeHoggart, KeithBuller, HenryBlack, RichardBookNA
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enAvebury978185628272760503500Crisis and Change in Rural Europe: Agricultural Development in the Portuguese MountainsBlack, RichardBookNA
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0Environmental change poses risks to societies, including disrupting social and economic systems such as migration. At the same time, migration is an effective adaptation to environmental and other risks. We review novel science on interactions between migration, environmental risks and climate change. We highlight emergent findings, including how dominant flows of rural to urban migration mean that populations are exposed to new risks within destination areas and the requirement for urban sustainability. We highlight the issue of lack of mobility as a major issue limiting the effectiveness of migration as an adaptation strategy and leading to potentially trapped populations. The paper presents scenarios of future migration that show both displacement and trapped populations over the incoming decades. Papers in the special issue bring new insights from demography, human geography, political science and environmental science to this emerging field.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/22472/1/erl_10_6_060201.pdfenIOP Publishing1748932660503500Focus on environmental risks and migration: causes and consequences2015-05-12Adger, W. NeilArnell, Nigel W.Black, RichardDercon, StefanGeddes, AndrewThomas, David2015-06-16Journal Article/ReviewVoRhttp://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/6/060201
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To model agent relationships in agent‐based models, it is often necessary to incorporate a social network whose topology is commonly assumed to be “small‐world.” This is potentially problematic, as the classification is broad and covers a wide‐range of network statistics. Furthermore, real networks are often dynamic, in that edges and nodes can appear or disappear, and spatial, in that connections are influenced by an agent's position within a particular social space. These properties are difficult to achieve in current network formation tools. We have, therefore, developed a novel social network formation model, that creates and dynamically adjusts small‐world networks using local spatial interactions, while maintaining tunable global network statistics from across the broad space of possible small‐world networks. It is, therefore, a useful tool for multiagent simulations and diffusion processes, particularly those in which agents and edges die or are constrained in their movement within some social space. We also show, using a simple epidemiological diffusion model, that a range of networks can all satisfy the small‐world criterion, but behave quite differently. This demonstrates that it is problematic to generalize results across the whole space of small‐world networks.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/22473/1/Black_Dynamic%2C%20small%E2%80%90world%20social%20network%20generation%20through%20local%20agent%20interactions.pdfenWiley1076278760503500Dynamic, small-world social network generation through local agent interactions2014-03-03De Caux, RobertSmith, ChristopherKniveton, DominicBlack, RichardPhilippides, Andrew2014-07Journal Article/ReviewAMhttp://doi.org/10.1002/cplx.21528
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Research into the climate change and migration nexus has often focussed solely on how people move in response to the impacts of variability and change in climate. This notion often ignores the nature of migration as a tried and tested livelihood choice amid a variety of socio-economic and environmental opportunities and limitations. This paper closely looks at the behavioural aspects of migration decision-making in Bangladesh in the context of changes in its economy, and, increasingly, exposure to the impacts of climate variability and change. We find that villagers in areas particularly affected by increasing climatic stresses and shocks are diversifying their traditional livelihood strategies by migrating. Environmental factors, including climatic stresses and shocks, often make such shifts even more necessary. Although the migrants’ primary motivation is better income, in effect, migration becomes an effective form of adaptation. Based on a qualitative study in three geographically distinct places of Bangladesh, we propose that migration is a socially acceptable behaviour that occurs in the context of perceived environmental change and climate variability. Migration decisions are mediated by a set of ‘behavioural factors’ that assesses the efficacy of different responses to opportunities and challenges, their socio-cultural acceptance and the ability to respond successfully. This understanding has policy relevance for climate change adaptation, in terms of both how migrants are perceived and how their movements are planned for.enSpringer Nature0199003960503500Climate related migration in rural Bangladesh: a behavioural modelMartin, MaxmillanBillah, MotasimSiddiqui, TasneemAbrar, Chowdhury RafiqulBlack, RichardKniveton, Dominic2014-02-15Journal Article/ReviewNAhttp://doi.org/10.1007/s11111-014-0207-2
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application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/22475/1/11-1116-migration-and-global-environmental-change.pdfenGovernment Office for Science60503500Migration and Global Environmental Change: Future Challenges and OpportunitiesBlack, RichardAdger, W. NeilArnell, Nigel W.Dercon, StefanGeddes, AndrewThomas, David2011MonographVoR
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application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/22476/1/hdrp_2009_38.pdfenUnited Nations Development Programme60503500Migration, Poverty Reduction Strategies and Human Development - Human Development Research Paper; 38Black, RichardSward, Jon2009-08MonographVoR
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enKIT Publishers978946022164460503500Migration as a public good: can migration work for development?Black, RichardBerendsen, Bernard2011Book chapterNA
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enAmsterdam University Press978908964156460503500Introduction: Working out a way from East to West: EU enlargement and labour migration from Central and Eastern EuropeEngbersen, GodfriedOkolski, MarekBlack, RichardPantiru, Maria CristinaBlack, RichardEngbersen, GodfriedOkolski, MarekPantiru, Maria Cristina2010Book chapterNA
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/22669/1/Hopgood_22669.pdfenOxford University Press20506325605085104600Law and lawyers in a world after virtueHopgood, Stephen2016-06-28Journal Article/ReviewAMhttp://doi.org/10.1093/lril/lrw011
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application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/23538/1/KNOMAD%20WP%20Do%20financial%20remittances%20build%20household%20level%20adaptive%20capacity-%20anuary%2017%202017.pdfenKNOMAD Working Paper 1835006050Do Financial Remittancces Build Household-Level Adaptive Capacity? A Case Study of Flood-Affected Households in IndiaBanerjee, SoumyadeepKniveton, DominicBlack, RichardBisht, SumanDas, Partha JyotiMahapatra, BidhubhusanTuladhar, Sabarnee2017-01MonographVoR
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application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/24324/1/Martin_et_al-2017-Development_Policy_Review.pdfenWiley095067646050Climate-influenced migration in Bangladesh: the need for a policy realignment2017-04-09Martin, MaxmillanKang, Yi hyunBillah, MotasimSiddiqui, TasneemBlack, RichardKniveton, Dominic2017-10-05Journal Article/ReviewAMhttp://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12260
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enSpringer Nature97833196956866050Migration between Africa and Europe: Assessing the role of resources, family and networks. A comparative approachGonzález-Ferrer, AmparoKraus, ElisabethBaizán, PauBeauchemin, CrisBlack, RichardSchoumaker, BrunoBeauchemin, Cris2018-05-14Book chapterNAhttp://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69569-3_4
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enSpringer Nature97833196956866050Ghanaian migration: economic participationBlack, RichardQuartey, PeterCastgnone, EleonoraNazio, TizianaSchoumaker, BrunoRakotonarivo, NirinaBeauchemin, Cris2018-05-14Book chapterNAhttp://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69569-3_11
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0Time is a vital input into nutritional outcomes, as it is necessary for the production, procurement and preparation of food, child feeding and childcare. Thus, agricultural interventions may fail to improve nutritional outcomes if they do not take account of time constraints, particularly of rural women who spend a considerable portion of their time in agriculture. Given the potential trade-offs pertaining to time in productive vs. reproductive activities and its implications for maternal and child nutrition, the goal of this review is to systematically map and assess the available evidence, both qualitative and quantitative studies, agriculture-time use-nutrition pathway.
Through an analysis of 89 studies, identified through a systematic search, on rural areas of low and middle-income countries, we observe three findings. First, women play a key role in agriculture, as reflected in their time commitments. Second, evidence from a very limited set of studies suggests that agricultural interventions tend to increase time commitments in agriculture of the household members for whom impact is measured. Third, while changing time use tends to change nutritional outcomes, it does so in a range of complex ways and there is no agreement on the impact. Nutritional impacts are varied because households and household members respond to increased time burden and workload in different ways.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/25160/6/johnston-etal-review-time-use-as-an-explanation-for-the-agri-nutrition-disconnect.pdfenElsevier03069192605085308580Review: Time Use as an Explanation for the Agri-Nutrition Disconnect? Evidence from Rural Areas in Low and Middle Income Countries2017-12-30Johnston, DeborahStevano, SaraMalapit, HazelHull, ElizabethKadiyala, Suneetha2018-04Journal Article/ReviewVoRhttp://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2017.12.011
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/25486/6/walls-etal-why-we-are-still-failing-to-measure-the-nutrition-transition.pdfenBMJ Publishing Group2059790860508530Why we are still failing to measure the nutrition transition2018-01-31Walls, HelenJohnston, DeborahMazalale, JacobChirwa, Ephraim2018-01Journal Article/ReviewVoRhttp://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000657
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0Household air pollution from burning solid fuels is responsible for an estimated 2.9 million premature deaths worldwide each year and 4.5% of global disability-adjusted life years, while cooking and fuel collection pose a considerable time burden, particularly for women and children. Cleaner burning biomass-fuelled cookstoves have the potential to lower exposure to household air pollution as well as reduce fuelwood demand by increasing the combustion efficiency of cooking fires, which may in turn yield ancillary benefits in other domains. The present paper capitalises on opportunities offered by the Cooking and Pneumonia Study (CAPS), the largest randomised trial of biomass-fuelled cookstoves on health outcomes conducted to date, the design of which allows for the evaluation of additional outcomes at scale. This mixed methods study assesses the impact of cookstoves on primary school absenteeism in Karonga district, northern Malawi, in particular by conferring health and time and resource gains on young people aged 5–18. The analysis combines quantitative data from 6168 primary school students with in-depth interviews and focus group discussions carried out among 48 students in the same catchment area in 2016. Negative binomial regression models find no evidence that the cookstoves affected primary school absenteeism overall [IRR 0.92 (0.71–1.18), p = 0.51]. Qualitative analysis suggests that the cookstoves did not sufficiently improve household health to influence school attendance, while the time and resource burdens associated with cooking activities—although reduced in intervention households—were considered to be compatible with school attendance in both trial arms. More research is needed to assess whether the cookstoves influenced educational outcomes not captured by the attendance measure available, such as timely arrival to school or hours spent on homework.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/25495/3/journal.pone.0193376.pdfenPublic Library of Science1932620360508530From kitchen to classroom: Assessing the impact of cleaner burning biomass-fuelled cookstoves on primary school attendance in Karonga district, northern Malawi2018-02-12Kelly, ChristineCrampin, AmeliaMortimer, KevinDube, AlbertMalava, JullitaJohnston, DeborahUnterhalter, ElaineGlynn, Judith2018-04-12Journal Article/ReviewVoRhttp://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193376
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:25604
2024-02-09T15:00:26Z
7374617475733D707562
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74797065733D61727469636C65
Migration is one way in which rural households can seek to reduce their vulnerability to climate change. However, migration also carries risks and costs, such that vulnerability may not be reduced. This article constructs an index of rural households' vulnerability to extreme weather events, in order to explore how key components of vulnerability relate to migration. Applied to case studies in China and India, the study finds that the effect of remittances is non‐linear. Although overall, in Assam, few differences were found in the vulnerability of households that did and did not receive remittances, in Yunnan, remittance‐recipient households were found to have less adaptive capacity in response to drought. However, those who had received remittances over longer periods were found to have improved adaptive capacity in both case studies, and in Yunnan, their exposure to such events was also lower. Meanwhile in Assam, longer distance migration was associated with reduced exposure to flooding and with specific forms of adaptation. The vulnerability index developed has capacity to be used in assessments of effects of migration on vulnerability elsewhere.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/25604/1/banerjee-etal-assessing-vulnerability-of-remittance-recipient-and-non-recipient%20households.pdfenWiley154484526050Assessing vulnerability of remittance-recipient and non-recipient households in rural communities affected by extreme weather events: Case studies from south-west China and northeast India2018-02-21Banerjee, SoumyadeepBlack, RichardMishra, ArabindaKniveton, Dominic2019-03Journal Article/ReviewAMhttp://doi.org/10.1002/psp.2157
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:25637
2024-02-09T15:00:34Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4C:36303530
7375626A656374733D53:38353330
7375626A656374733D53:38353830
7375626A656374733D53:38363630:38363930
74797065733D61727469636C65
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0The multiple burdens of persistent undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies, along with the rapidly growing rates of overweight, obesity, and associated chronic diseases, are major challenges globally. The role of agriculture and the food system in meeting these challenges is very poorly understood. Achieving food security and addressing malnutrition in all its forms, a Sustainable Development Goal, requires an understanding of how changing food systems affect health outcomes and the development of new tools to design and evaluate interventions. An interinstitutional programme to address this interdisciplinary research challenge is described. Over the past seven years, the Leverhulme Centre for Integrative Research on Agriculture and Health has built a portfolio of successful and innovative research, trained a new cadre of interdisciplinary researchers in “Agri‐Health,” and built an international research community with a particular focus on strengthening research capacity in low‐ and middle‐income countries. The evolution of this programme is described, and key factors contributing to its success are discussed that may be of general value in designing interdisciplinary research programmes directed at supporting global development goals.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/25637/1/Waage_et_al-2017-Global_Challenges.pdfenWiley205666466050853085808690Integrating agriculture and health research for development: LCIRAH as an interdisciplinary programme to address a global challenge.2018-03-07Waage, JeffDangour, Alan D.Haesler, BarbaraShankar, BhavaniJohnston, DeborahGohil, ElaGwan-Lim, GekWalls, HelenLock, KarenHull, ElizabethSmith, Richard D.Green, RosemaryKadiyala, Suneetha2019-04Journal Article/ReviewVoRhttp://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.201700104
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:25866
2024-03-13T02:59:13Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4C:36303530
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Malnutrition is the single greatest contributor to the global burden of morbidity and mortality, with most cases arising in low‐ and middle‐income countries. However, the multi‐sectoral nature of nutrition policy‐making adds considerable complexity to the implementation of effective programmes. This raises questions about why or how relevant policy change can come about within different country settings. This article examines multi‐sectoral nutrition policy‐making from the health sector perspective, specifically focusing on different sectoral perspectives and the role and use of evidence within this. Ethiopia provides a unique example of the challenging nature of multi‐sectoral nutrition policy‐making, even with a strong co‐ordinating infrastructure. In December 2014 we undertook 23 in‐depth semi‐structured interviews with stakeholders from key health sector organizations, along with a related documentary analysis. Participants represented a diverse range of perspectives, including government representatives, policy stakeholders, aid providers from multi‐lateral organizations and academic researchers. Our respondents described how nutrition framing in Ethiopia is changing, with greater consideration of overweight, obesity and non‐communicable diseases, as well as undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. However, overweight‐ and obesity‐related concerns are still less evident in key documents. Some health actors described the challenge of enacting structural policy changes when doing so requires engagement from the agriculture sector. While multi‐sectoral plans and infrastructure to address malnutrition are in place, respondents suggested that the mandate for addressing nutrition resting with the health sector was reinforced by the nature of evidence collected. This study of nutrition policy‐making in Ethiopia highlights the complex interaction of evidence within different conceptualisations of policy problems and responses. Despite Ethiopia's strategic framework and its progress in achieving terms of nutrition targets, it shares the challenge of countries elsewhere in addressing nutrition as a multi‐sectoral issue.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/25866/1/Walls%20The%20role%20of%20evidence%20in%20nutrition%20policymaking.pdfenWiley0950676460508530The role of evidence in nutrition policymaking in Ethiopia: institutional structures and issue framing2018-05-01Walls, HelenJohnston, DeborahVecchione, ElisaAdam, AbdulfatahParkhurst, Justin O.2019-03Journal Article/ReviewAMhttp://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12385
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