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The rise of British rule in India in the late eighteenth century was accompanied by the emergence of extensive business networks based on London, Calcutta and Canton. These networks, which organised the private trade of British civilians and military personnel in India, linked the export and import economies of Bengal, Madras, Java, the Philippines, the Malay peninsula and southern China, and came to dominate much of the regional trade of the Indian Ocean, as well as its links to Europe. Many of those engaged in this activity were Scots, and the connections between them - based in part on kinship - provided the institutional setting for the remittance of private money from Asia to Europe. While the activities of the East India Company provided an important part of the setting for these activities, much of them also depended on private enterprise and non-official networks. As a result, the volume of capital remitted from Bengal to Britain during the 1790s and 1800s was much larger than has previously been estimated.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/25/1/empire.pdfenKitakyūshū13409689700The Empire of Enterprise: Scottish Business Networks in Asian Trade, 1793-1810Tomlinson, Tom2001Journal Article/ReviewAO
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application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/26/1/TRANS3.pdfenConference on Hegemonic Transition in Asia, 1930 to 1970700The Erosion of a Relationship? Indo-British Economic Connections, 1930-1970Tomlinson, Tom2002Conference Paper/Proceeding/AbstractAO
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This article will begin with a brief introduction to Vietnam and will glance at the historical background to writing and publishing in the country. It will then examine the state of book publishing in contemporary Vietnam and suggest some of the opportunities and challenges facing anyone wanting to acquire Vietnamese books.text/plainhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/30/1/Book_publishing_and_book_selling_in_Vietnam.txtenBrill095796566400Book publishing and book selling in VietnamMartland, Nicholas2001Journal Article/ReviewAOhttp://doi.org/10.2959/logo.2001.12.1.29
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The School of Oriental and African Studies and its Library date back to the First World War, but it was not until 1960 that a distinct Africa Division, with its own specialist librarian, was created to match the various Oriental Divisions. Since then, the School has changed dramatically in nature and scope; and the Library, with its supporting role, has adjusted to fit. Most obvious, but core, changes have related to student numbers, leading to radically different teaching and learning methods, and to the range and type of courses offered.
In addition, in recent years, SOAS Library has faced many new challenges. Librarians' basic professional skills of cataloguing and classification, and now acquisition, are ones that we are relearning, on-line. The rapid development of the internet in terms both of international databases of primary and secondary source material and of remote library resources, has created what are, to many librarians worldwide, still uncharted oceans of information. More efficient and effective publishing industries in a number of African countries have created greater awareness of what material is available - if not always greater success in acquiring it. Networks of dedicated information specialists, north and south, on both sides of the Atlantic, have striven to use modern tools and ease of communications to enable both knowledge of and access to documentation in a range of subjects and regions. Not least, massive political, social and economic upheavals in African countries from Ethiopia to South Africa, Rwanda to Sierra Leone, have had their repurcussions throughout the information world as universities and libraries close and open, archival collections long in exile relocate to countries suddenly made safe for them, publishing industries (both state- and private-sector) cease to function and then revive ...
Here in the UK, as in Europe, as in America, co-operation is the name of the game - by librarians and information specialists, by libraries and their parent institutions, by publishers and booksellers, increasingly with government encouragement to pool resources and share access.
Little wonder, then, in the face of all that is happening around us, that we are learning to feel our way along a myriad different routes to a faster, better, more aware and responsive service for an ever-expanding, discerning and demanding higher education community. It is in this context that my paper will set SOAS Library and the brave new world it seeks to explore and interpret for its students and other scholars.text/plainhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/35/3/BASEL_paper.txtenBasler Afrika Bibliographien97839051417646400Changing traditions and new challenges at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of LondonTurfan, Barbara2001Journal Article/ReviewAO
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application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/45/1/shinto.pdfenBiblion Verlag97839323319301200The Meanings of ShintōBocking, BrianKleine, ChristophSchrimpf, MonikaTriplett, Katja2004Book chapterVoR
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enVaranasi : Published by All India Kashi Raj Trust on behalf of Maharaja Benaras Vidya Mandir TrusDhrupad Annual8610900Dhrupad in Pakistan: the Talwandi gharanaBasra, KhalidWiddess, Richard1989Journal Article/ReviewNA
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This paper assesses the value of measuring aspects of an unmodified acoustic recordings of speech in the two language Burmese (Tibeto-Burman) and Wa (Mon_Khmer) in relation to the glottal source, or phonation type.
This method faces the problem of how to ensure that what is measured is indeed attributable to the glottal source andnot to supralaryngeal acoustic shaping, or vowel quality.
The methods adopted include: analysis of the relative prominence of the H1 and H2, formant amplitude and spectral tilt.
The findings are that in Wa H2, F1 and F2 are all more energetic than H1 to a greater degree in creaky phonation than in breathy, though this is due in part to the significantly dominant H1 in breathy phonation.
For Burmese, the methods in this study are too crude to tell these two phonation types apart, but they are sufficient to identify the cruder three-way categorisation of phonation types (modal, creaky and breathy), which, it has been suggested, is sufficient to give a satisfactory account of phonologically contrastive phonation type for most purposes.
The findings suggest further that the relationship between the higher frequency region of the spectrum and phonation type merits further investigation.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/48/1/SOAS_WP_1997_-_Phonation_types_and_spectra.pdfenSOAS University of LondonSOAS Working Papers in Linguistics and Phonetics29003100Can phonation types be reliably measured from sound spectra? Some data from Wa and BurmeseWatkins, Justin1997Journal Article/ReviewAO
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This article presents and evaluates the work on linguistic politeness of the Japanese linguist Minami Fujio.
It also constitutes a critical introduction to the work "Keigo" [Honorifics] translated by B. Pizziconi in the second article appearing in the same volume.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/54/1/Pizziconi_1.pdfenSOAS University of London07286036242300Japanese politeness in the work of Fujio MinamiPizziconi, Barbara2004Journal Article/ReviewAO
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text/htmlhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/55/1/10.2307/4200108_uid%3D3738032%26uid%3D2%26uid%3D4%26sid%3D21106547944063enCambridge University Press0021088985702400Cuneiform texts in the Birmingham City MuseumGeorge, Andrew1979Journal Article/ReviewAOhttp://doi.org/10.2307/4200108
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This paper is a discussion of the distribution of clitics in Sasak, an Austronesian(Western Malayo-Polynesian) language spoken by approximately two million people on the island of Lombok, eastern Indonesia. It outlines the types of clitics found Sasak and shows that there are interesting interactions between clitic placement and focus constructions that result in the violation of a number of canonical word orders in Sasak. The author argues that these violations can be seen as arising from competition for linear positions within the sentence; this can be accounted for within an optimality-theoretic syntax framework (Bresnan, 2000, Grimshaw, 1999) which describes sentence structures in terms of violable ranked constraints, the interaction of which accounts for observed structures as being the most optimal result of constraint competition.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/59/1/sasak.PDFenLinguistics Association of Great Britain Annual Conference3300Clitics in Sasak, eastern IndonesiaAustin, Peter2004-04-29Conference Paper/Proceeding/AbstractAO
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A critique of a trilogy of novels written by Nuruddin Farah in the late 1970s and early 1980s tracing the activities, perceptions and ideological platforms of selected members of a clandestine opposition group in present-day Somalia. The critique examines the Somali regime as it is portrayed in the three novels together with the views of it held by members of the secret opposition group and the different tactics for its removal employed by them. It then considers some of the questions arising from Farah's use of his subject-matter and the way in which he approaches it.https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/60/1/Nuruddin_Farah_paper.docenAfrica World Press97808654391916400Opposing Dictatorship: a Comment on Nuruddin Farah's 'Variations on the Theme of an African Dictatorship'Turfan, BarbaraWright, Derek2002Book chapterAO
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This paper discusses South Asian dance forms and genres in Britain, one of the major locations of the South Asian diaspora. It addresses issues of "classicism," "neoclassicism" and "contemporaneity" in South Asian dancing, particularly important as in the British context availability of public funding depends on the artists demonstrating an innovative engagement with their own practice. The author focuses, as a specific case study, on the work, Moham, choreographed and danced as a solo by bharatanatyam artist Chitra Sundaram in 2002 and argues for the need to address issues of difference and cultural specificity, questioning the underlying assumptions of western notions of classicism, as these impinge on South Asian dance praxes in the British context.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/61/1/Postcolonial_Text_-_Vol._1%2C_No._1_%282004%29.pdfenOpen Humanities Press17059100100Dance in the British South Asian diaspora: redefining classicismLopez y Royo, Alessandra2004-07-30Journal Article/ReviewAO
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This essay discusses contemporary dance in India foregrounding the link between dance and politics. The author proposes that contemporary dance in today’s India can be seen as a continuum, under which is tension and rupture. It embraces on one hand, ‘classicism’- strictly speaking ‘neo-classicism’ - on the other, an ideological move away from this ‘classicism’, which constitutes itself into an heterogeneous movement motivated by a search for new dance languages. These new languages, growing out of ‘traditional roots’ (variously defined), claim to be sustained by the ‘classicism ’ of Indian dance. This movement can be referred to, for convenience, as ‘post-classicism’; this ‘post-classicism’is otherwise known as ‘Contemporary’ dance – with a capital c , in accordance with a western model. Dance in today’s India, whether ‘classical’ or ‘post-classical’ is wholly entangled with the issue of an Indian religious and secular identity, increasingly dominated by a Hinduising discourse, and this informs the artistic choices of dance artists. The essay will discuss the work of Ranjabati Sircar, here seen as ‘post-classical’, against this scenario, and will begin to reflect on the impact Ranjabati Sircar’s choreography and her cosmopolitanism has had on dance in contexts other than India, such as the British South Asian diaspora.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/62/1/LopezSAR.pdfenSage02627280100Classicism, post-classicism and Ranjabati Sircar’s work: re-defining the terms of Indian contemporary dance discoursesLopez y Royo, Alessandra2003-11Journal Article/ReviewAOhttp://doi.org/10.1177/0262728003232003
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The paper reflects on the different types of performance which take place at archaeological sites, as a global phenomenon, and more broadly on the archaeology/ performance interface.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/69/1/Lopez_.pdfenArchaeology/Performance. Papers from TAG 2002 conference950900100Choreographing heritage, performing the siteLopez y Royo, AlessandraJournal Article/ReviewNA
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This article discusses the limitations of the law incorporating a corporation (‘incorporation law’) as a control or governance mechanism in a world where it is increasingly difficult to prevent corporations choosing the incorporation law which suits them best. It uses as an example of the globalising pressures in this field three important cases on the right of establishment in the European Union.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/71/1/Imperialism_and_accountability_in_corporate_law_-_with_diagrams.pdfenHart Publishing9781841134062850040008090Imperialism and accountability in corporate law: the limitations of incorporation law as a regulatory mechanismFoster, Nicholas HDBall, JaneMcLeod, SorchaBrownsword, Roger2006Book chapterAMhttp://doi.org/10.5040/9781472563798.ch-005
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Whistleblowers have an essential role in the fight against economic crime, but their position is also not without risk. There are a number of ways in which they need protection, ranging from strong employment law provisions to witness protection programmes for themselves and their families. Although a number of jurisdictions, including the U.K., have provisions catering for these issues, they do not provide a perfect solution and, not least in a country such as Nigeria, the solutions themselves can give rise to issues which need to be addressed.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/74/1/NSEC_2004.pdfenNational Seminar on Economic Crimes 200485203900The Role of Whistleblowers in the Fight Against Economic CrimeAlexander, Richard2004-06-29Conference Paper/Proceeding/AbstractNA
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The money laundering rules, both those contained in the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (and the legislation which preceded it) and the provisions of the Money Laundering Regulations 1993, impose considerable liabilities not just on institutions but on their individual officers and employees. Although the Money Laundering Reporting Officer / Compliance Officer has particular responsibilities, this does not absolve the other employees of the firm from the requirement to exercise considerable diligence on their own account.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/75/1/Mikolajki_2002.pdfenTNOiK978837285139085203900Criminal liability of employees of financial intermediaries for money laundering: a British perspectiveAlexander, RichardAdamski, Andrzej2003-01Book chapterAO
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Here we bring together masculinities and popular culture to think about how they are configured within the arena of cinema, focusing in on Kerala's two major male movie stars and the relationship they have with their young male fans. In their relative lack of interest in female stars and turn towards male stars young men are playing out an approach towards gendering which does not take as its foundation hierarchic or compulsory heterosexuality. Young men's tentative (and illicit, difficult) relationships with young women lack the substance of their relationships with each other and with their male movie heroes. We consider cinema as a forum for collective fantasy which acts as a source of helpful orientations, stars being particular nodes within this arena, dense points of transfer of desire, belief, self-affirmation or transformation and so on. Film audiences receive or subvert cinematic messages and form relationships with stars - whether in fantasy or actually - and with each other, mediated through cinematic modes of being or styles of doing. Another effect of cinema-related activities is to provide adolescent and post-adolescent boys with a safe segregated social space in which they can socialise, share information, try out fledgling masculine identities and grapple with the demands of emerging sexualities. The star makes possible identifications with the self- (for Mohan Lal, one who is working class and in solidarity with the poor, in Mammootty's case a solidly bourgeoios self); transformations of the self - opportunities through fan association work to distribute largesse like a high-caste wealthy patron; and an extended sense of self - the possiblity that through the fan association one might participate in the star's power and reach.
In Kerala, unlike other states, fandom is not a matter of rivalry, political partisanship or even life and death. While there is a 'hard-core' central group who remain partisan and always committed to 'their' star, in general young men frequently shift associations and change allegiances. Yet the two heroes seem to embody different styles of hero and to have different types of appeal to audiences; sociologically, their fan bases trace slightly different social groupings. Mammootty has an affinity with roles implying powerful and high-status men in control, strong in family drama; Mohan Lal is admired for his abilities in romance, song, dance and fighting. One might wish to be like Mammootty but often feels that one already is in some way like Mohan Lal. Despite considerable overlap and dispute, Mammootty and Mohan Lal embody and perform different styles of manliness, none of which one could dispense with in one's potential repertiore. Both Mammootty and Mohan Lal are necessary in a full fantasy life and a necessarily internally fragmented and shifting gendered identity. Cinema also relates to ethnicity. Mammotty allows young non-Muslim men to experience a fantasy relationship with a powerful mature Muslim man, a community coded 'other' in Kerala. A twist to this is that (similar to analyses of white anglo masculinities and work on the 'blackness' of Elvis) we find working class Hindu masculinity, while explicitly defined in opposition to the Muslim other, at another level actually relies upon an incorporation of aspects of masculinity especially associated in the cultural landscape with Muslimness. In a more mediated and disguised manner, Mohan Lal also plays with elements of fantasy identity culturally coded by young Hindus as 'Muslim'.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/76/1/malayali.pdfenWomen Unlimited, an associate of Kali for Women9788186706756200Malayali young men and their movie heroesOsella, CarolineOsella, FilippoChopra, RadhikaOsella, CarolineOsella, Filippo2004Book chapterAO
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This short essay presents a case study – that of the dance reliefs of the Prambanan complex in Central Java, aiming to steer the discussion around an important aspect of any archaeological investigation of dance. Rather than focusing solely on contextual issues, such as the nature and function of dance at a particular point in time and in a specific socio-cultural context, the Prambanan case study questions how to engage with the archaeological dance record from a dancer’s point of view, in other words in terms of movement reconstitution and its re-embodiment. It is almost tautological to say that dance is practice based and performance oriented. However it is often the case that it is precisely this aspect of dance which is neglected in archaeological accounts and no methodologies are being developed to deal with such issues. My work on the Prambanan dance reliefs attempts to bridge this gap.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/83/1/Dance_in_9th_century_Java_final_version_copy.pdfenUniversity of Chicago Press10942076100Dance in ninth century Java. A methodology for the analysis and reconstitution of the danceLopez y Royo, Alessandra2003-09Journal Article/ReviewAOhttp://doi.org/10.2307/3210919
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Sabarimala – a South Indian all-male pilgrimage to Ayyappan, a hyper-male deity born from two male gods – plays a role in constructing male identities, at both external (socialstructural) and internal (psychological) levels. The pilgrimage draws creatively on relationships
between two South Asian male figures: renouncer and householder, breaking down the opposition between transcendence and immanence to bring into everyday life
a sense of transcendence specific to men. This also has masculine and heroic overtones, characterized by ascetic self-denial and pain and by the identification of pilgrims with the deity and his perilous mountain-forest journey. Pilgrimage bestows power as blessings from Ayyappan and as specifically masculine forms of spiritual, moral, and bodily
strength, while acting as signifier of masculine superior purity and strength and of male responsibilities towards family welfare. Sabarimala merges individual men both with the hyper-masculine deity and with a wider community of men: other male pilgrims, senior male gurus (teachers). This merger is both social and personal. A normal and universal sense of masculine ambivalence and self-doubt has a specific local-cultural resolution, when boys and men experience strengthening of the gendered ego through renunciatory self-immersion in a ‘greater masculine’. The ostensibly egalitarian devotional community is actually hierarchical: pilgrims surrender themselves to deity and guru, while equality and friendship between men can be celebrated and performed precisely because it is predicated upon a deeper sense of difference and hierarchy – gender – with woman as the absent and inferiorized other. Such segregated celebrations of masculinity work both towards masculinity’s reproduction – through processes of ‘remasculinization’ – and in the limiting of masculinity to males.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/85/1/jrai6.pdfenWiley13590987200'Ayyappan Saranam': masculinity and the Sabarimala pilgrimage in KeralaOsella, FilippoOsella, Caroline2003Journal Article/ReviewAOhttp://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9655.2003.00171.x
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Some thirty per cent of Jains describe themselves as Sthanakavasis. Yet the Sthanakavasi tradition has not received any attention by academic scholarship. The present article is the second of a four-part history of the Sthanakavasi tradition, based on textual and ethnographic sources.
The first part (BIS 13/14 2000) gave an overview of the history and doctrines of the Sthanakavasi mendicant traditions, from the reforms of Lonka in the 15th century, until the creation of a unified Sramanasangha under the command of a single acarya in 1952. It analysed the aims and structure of Sramanasangha, and the refusal of many Sthanakavasi orders in Gujarat and Rajasthan to join the new organisation. In conclusion, four types of Jainism were distinguished: canonical, traditional, protestant, and post-protestant. The Sthanakavasi tradition is a mixture of protestant and traditional elements.
Part II investigates the sectarian dynamic within the Sramanasangha in conjunction with the history and structure of the independent Sthanakavasi traditions in Malva. It starts with a critical analysis of the notion of '22 schools' (baistola) of the Dharmadasa tradition, from which most Malva traditions are derived. The analysis of the relationship between the segments of the Dharmadasa traditions inside and outside the Sramanasangha, leads to the identification of three principal variables of Jain monastic organisation: descent, seniority, and succession. These structuring devices are used to mediate between the imperatives of historical legitimation and maintenance of differential group identity. It is argued that the new Sthanakavasi lists of succession (pattavalis), the prime markers of sectarian identity, were constructed retrospectively on the basis of lists of descent (gurvavalis) and biographical poems, not the other way round, as commonly assumed.
Parts III-IV (forthcoming) describe the Sthanakavasi traditions in the Panjab and Gujarat, and the overall context of Jain politics of religious modernisation in the 19th - 20th centuries.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/86/1/jaina.pdfenWeidler09350004857015001000Protestantische und Post-Protestantische Jaina-Reformbewegungen: Zur Geschichte und Organisation der Sthānakavāsī IIFlügel, Peter2003Journal Article/ReviewAO
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application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/87/1/unequal2.pdfenSchool of Oriental and African Studies854038003700Unequal prospects: disparities in the quantity and quality of labour supply in sub-Saharan AfricaSender, JohnCramer, ChristopherOya, Carlos2005-03MonographAO145
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Whistleblowers have an essential role in the fight against economic crime, but their position is also not without risk. There are a number of ways in which they need protection, ranging from strong employment law provisions to witness protection programmes for themselves and their families. Although a number of jurisdictions, including the U.K., have provisions catering for these issues, they do not provide a perfect solution and the solutions themselves can give rise to issues which need to be addressed.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/89/1/JFC_-_Dec_2004.pdfenEmerald1359079085203900The Role of Whistleblowers in the Fight Against Economic CrimeAlexander, Richard2004-12Journal Article/ReviewAOhttp://doi.org/10.1108/13590790510624945
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The Money Laundering Regulations 2003 came into force in the early part of 2004 in order to implement the EU Second Money Laundering Directive. They are much wider-ranging than the 1993 Regulations, which had preceded them: in addition to banks and other financial institutions, which were already covered, and bureaux de change and money transmission offices, added in 2001, they also apply to, inter alia, lawyers, accountants, estate agents, casinos and dealers in high value goods, such as jewellers and art dealers.
Dealers in high value goods, however, are only covered in respect of transactions which are of a value of at least €15,000 and, moreover, in cash. That customers will be dealt with differently, in respect of the same transaction, depending on how payment is made, is unfortunate. A threshold stated in sterling would also be preferable: jewellers are often less well used to dealing in other currencies than financial institutions. More generally, if particular care is seen as required in relation to cash transactions, the threshold should arguably be lower.
The actual requirements imposed have, however, changed little: the only major change is that certain types of business now need to be registered with Customs & Excise.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/90/1/JMLC_-_Jul_04.pdfenEmerald1368520185203900The 2003 Money Laundering RegulationsAlexander, Richard2004-09Journal Article/ReviewAOhttp://doi.org/10.1108/13685200510621262
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This book is intended to counter the often inaccurate and misleading impressions put about by the media and politicians in the west when they talk about Afghanistan and Afghan women in particular. It is a contribution to the global peace movement and the struggle of millions of people against the continuation of the wars and conflicts orchestrated by George W Bush, Tony Blair and Condoleezza Rice. It is also a challenge to western feminists who do not try to understand women in Muslim majority societies and cultures, and who today do not take a stand against the misogynistic culture of neo-liberalism and neo-conservatism that promotes western superiority and the imperial strategy of 'saving Afghan and Muslim women'. This passive stance has allowed their ideas to be hijacked by the particularly aggressive new imperialism of the twentieth-first century, which has successfully manipulated their ideas for its own economic and political power-seeking. I include in this discussion the current reactivation of Islamophobia, fear of Islam: Afghan women in the West alongside other practising Muslim women have been the victims of this contemporary racist discourse. The future of women's rights in Afghanistan does not just depend on challenging local male domination, but also on challenging imperial domination.enZed Books978-1-84277-856-25701Afghan Women, Identity and InvasionRostami-Povey, Elaheh2007BookNAhttp://doi.org/10.5040/9781350218062
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The article provides a short summary of the institutional history of the new field of 'Jain Studies' in its historical and political context. It shows that the Sanskrit term 'Jaina' used as a self-designation (rather than as the designation of a doctrine or in the sense of 'pertaining to the Jina') is based on the vernacular precursor 'Jain' which became prevalent from the early modern period onwards - most likely as an internalised observer category. The words 'Jain' and 'Jainism' became widely used only in the context of 19th communal movements in colonian India. At the same time the Jain scriptures were published to back the identity claims of the Jaina law movement and modern 'Jainism' as a disembodied text-based set of idea-ologies or dogmas from which one can pick and chose was born.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/98/1/The_Invention_of_Jainism_%28without_photo%29.pdfenSOAS Centre of Jaina Studies17481074857015001000The Invention of Jainism: A Short History of Jaina StudiesFlügel, Peter2005-09Journal Article/ReviewAO
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This research project aimed generally to investigate the use of a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) to deliver legal research skills training at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS). Legal research skills are an increasingly important part of students’ studies. It is vital that law graduates are equipped with the necessary skills to research a legal problem adequately to become a competent legal practitioner. As SOAS law students study not only English and EU law, but also the laws of Asia, Africa and the Middle East, they need to be able to develop research skills that enable them to find relevant regional material effectively, accurately and successfully.
However, a number of problems have come to light at SOAS which have initiated a change in the way legal research skills training is currently delivered – including the
issue of student retention, high numbers of international students, diversity of students’ backgrounds and skills, and their different information needs. Thus, an investigation was undertaken into how SOAS can use the capabilities of a VLE to help change the current approach to legal research skills training.
A questionnaire was delivered to all law students currently studying at SOAS to discover their specific information needs relating to legal research skills. Additionally, an evaluation policy was constructed using previous research and the experience of other institutions, to evaluate two existing legal research skills programmes available in the UK and Australia. The results of this evaluation and questionnaire help to inform
the construction of the framework.
The results provided a general framework for the delivery of legal research skills training to undergraduate students at SOAS. By including the more generic skills as
well as specific legal research skills, this framework has a wider application and can, therefore, be used, compared and adapted for further research by other institutions.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/99/1/Dissertation.pdfen6400A Framework for delivering legal research skills training online via a Virtual Learning Environment to be implemented at the School of Oriental and African
StudiesSpells, Sarah2005-12-09ThesisNA
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Since the mid-1990s, China’s state leadership has adopted a policy of nurturing the competitiveness of large state-owned industrial enterprises. The implications of this policy have been a matter of debate in the literature. This paper seeks to provide some useful input into the debate. With a view of investigating into the potential of long-term development of large enterprises, we estimate the “sequential production technology” in computing the Malmquist productivity index for various size-groups of enterprises in Chinese industry. Our findings indicate that large enterprises did register the fastest productivity growth and improvement in technical efficiency in the 1994-97 period. It thus appears that large-scale, mainly state-owned Chinese enterprises have exhibited the potential of making noticeable improvements and the relevant state policy does have its justification.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/105/1/econ144.pdfenSOAS Department of Economics Working Paper Series; No. 144175358163800Firm Size, Technical Efficiency and Productivity Growth in Chinese IndustryCheng, Yuk-ShingLo, Dic2004-12MonographAO
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Using a range of specifications that are standard in the relevant literature, this paper finds that China’s rapid and sustained economic growth in the reform era has tended to be negatively correlated with its export growth and positively correlated with its import growth. This finding runs counter to widely-held perceptions on China’s nexus of foreign trade and economic growth, and thus presents a serious challenge for interpretation. On the basis of some further regression analyses, and drawing on a number of applied studies on the subject matter, the paper argues that the finding is plausible and of complex ramifications. The conclusion which this paper arrives at, therefore, is that the Chinese experience has tended to be a case of strategic integration into the world market, rather than conforming to the standard neoclassical thesis of trade regime neutrality.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/106/1/econ143.pdfenSOAS Department of Economics Working Paper Series; No. 143175358163800China’s Nexus of Foreign Trade and Economic Growth: Making Sense of the AnomalyLo, Dic2004-08MonographVoR
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Ottoman industrialisation in cotton spinning was led by the town of Naoussa in Macedonia. This paper shows that Naoussa capitalists grasped the opportunities created by trade liberalisation, accumulated capital in domestic manufacture of woollen cloth, and secured a regular supply of low-wage female labour and free hydraulic energy. It is further shown that they took advantage of local institutional and political mechanisms within the Christian community independent of the relatively remote Ottoman state. But there was no capitalist transformation of agriculture, even though Naoussa capitalists often owned large land estates. Lack of broader institutional and political influence and absence of capitalist transformation of agriculture hampered the transformation of Naoussa capitalists from a provincial social group into a broad-based capitalist class.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/107/1/econ142.pdfenSOAS Department of Economics Working Paper No. 142175358163800Social origins of Ottoman industrialisation: Evidence from the Macedonian town of NaoussaLapavitsas, Costas2004-09MonographVoR
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Does globalisation entail a demand for uniformity, or diversity, of the (political) economic institutions of nation-states? What is the theoretical underpinning of the demand? And what are the implications of the demand for economic development? The conventional literature known as comparative economic systems has been unable to answer these question, because there is an intrinsic tension between its methodology (the neoclassical framework of individualistic rational choices and their equilibrium) and the subject matter (the multiplicity of economic institutions and development experiences in the real world). The new comparative economics has consisted of a variety of attempts to cope with this tension: some aimed at preserving the neoclassical framework at a more fundamental level, while some others aimed at transcending the framework to arrive at a new theory of economic systems and development. This paper argues that attempts that adhere to the neoclassical tradition is likely to lead to dead ends, while attempts that encompass collective as well as individualistic rationality represent more promising directions. Fuller developments of the literature, however, require incorporating objectified institutions and paradigmised technology into its sphere of inquiry. It is submitted that there are important lessons to learn from classical political economy and their modern presentations, particularly Marxian theories of the social forces of production, in this regard.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/108/1/econ137.pdfenSOAS Department of Economics Working Paper No. 137https://ideas.repec.org/p/soa/wpaper/137.html1753581685303800Globalisation and Comparative Economics: Of Efficiency, Efficient Institutions, and Late DevelopmentLo, Dic2004-06MonographVoR
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The objective of this paper is to assess the role of FDI in China’s economic development with reference to the broader literature on FDI and late development. Three main findings come out from the analyses in the paper. First, it is found that FDI tends to promote the improvement in allocative efficiency, while having a negative impact on productive efficiency. Second, insofar as FDI does promote overall productivity growth, this tends to be a matter of cumulative causation rather than one of single-direction causation. Third, in the context of a comparative analysis of two distinctive regional models, it is found that the economic impact of FDI tends to be more favourable in the inward-looking, capital-deepening pattern of development (the ‘Shanghai model’) than that in the export-oriented, labour-intensive pattern (the ‘Guangdong model’). Further analyses, however, suggest that the ‘Shanghai model’ has its intrinsic problems of sustainability. The scope for applying it to China as a whole is thus judged to be limited.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/109/1/econ137.pdfenSOAS Department of Economics Working Paper No. 1351753581685303800Assessing the Role of Foreign Direct Investment in China’s Economic Development: Macro Indicators and Insights from Sectoral-Regional AnalysesLo, Dic2004-01MonographVoR
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This paper examines the genesis of liberalisation in India, it argues that once we locate its origin we can understand its direction and underlying political economy with much greater clarity. In particular the paper seeks to answer three questions. Why was reform launched in 1991 when the real economy was essentially in good condition? Why did the state choose a neo-liberal policy package when other options were available? Why did the state sustain liberalisation even after the economy had recovered from the immediate crisis? Existing answers to these questions are found to be inadequate. Instead this paper focuses on an alternative explanation that emphasises continuity, the reforms in 1991 can be traced back to the early 1970s. The Momentum of reform was sustained and assumed a particular form due to an underlying ‘logic of capital’.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/111/1/econ134.pdfenSOAS Department of Economics Working Paper No. 134https://ideas.repec.org/p/soa/wpaper/134.html175358163800‘Episodes of Liberalisation’ or ‘The Logic of Capital’: The Genesis of Liberalisation in IndiaMcCartney, Matthew2004-01MonographVoR
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This paper examines various schools of trade policy reform and finds little difference between them in regards their essential export optimism. This optimism is based on an unwarranted assumption in cross-country empirical studies. In practise the increasing number of large LDC’s shifting towards export promotion since the 1980s is found to coincide with declining terms of trade for labour-intensive manufactures. So far this decline has been offset by growth in volume. The positive relation is actually dependent on market growth in developed countries rather than domestic policy reform. Marx (the Moor) provides a useful framework in which to analyse this process. His analysis of competition and accumulation within a national economy is transposed to that of international trade. Finally, the increasing integration of capital into ‘value chains’ and the formation of regional trading blocs can be related to the crisis tendencies of competition and the erosion of profit margins.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/112/1/econ133.pdfenSOAS Department of Economics Working Paper No. 1333800Export Promotion, the Fallacy of Composition and Declining Terms of Trade (or the Moors’ Last Sigh)McCartney, Matthew2004-01MonographVoR
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There is an influential, neo-liberal proposition in the scholarly literature on China’s economic transformation since the late 1970s. It states that China’s reformed economic institutions are a mix of market-conforming and market-supplanting elements, that its developmental achievements so far have been ascribable to the conforming elements whereas the accumulated problems being ascribable to the supplanting elements, and that the problems have tended to outweigh the achievements as the country’s economic transition progresses from the allegedly easy phase to the difficult phase. This paper offers an alternative interpretation of the Chinese experience. The central proposition is that China’s economic institutions could be seen in favourable light both theoretically and with reference to the East Asian development experience. Specifically, the developmental implications of the market-conforming and market-supplanting elements should not be understood in any absolute sense, but rather depend on the appropriate match or otherwise between the institutions and the external environment. The developmental achievements to date indicate that China’s economic reform has managed to achieve a basically appropriate match between the two aspects, although enormous uncertainties still cloud over the future prospects owing to changes both in the external environment and the reform strategies of the state leadership.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/113/1/econ131.pdfenSOAS Department of Economics Working Paper No. 1311753581685303800China, the ‘East Asian Model’ and Late DevelopmentLo, Dic2003-11MonographVoR
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application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/114/1/econ130.pdfenSOAS Department of Economics Working Paper No. 130175358163800Money as a 'Universal equivalent' and its origin in commodity exchangeLapavitsas, Costas2003-05MonographVoR
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This paper provides new national accounts consistent poverty estimates for low-income countries. The properties of the new estimates are compared to the existing estimates by the World Bank based on household survey means. We also use the new estimates to reflect on the recent controversies regarding the relationship between economic growth and poverty reduction. It is argued that the controversy is mainly due to the lack of distinction between what one can refer to as ‘generalized extreme poverty’ in low-income countries and the more ‘normal’ poverty situations in higher income economies.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/115/1/econ129.pdfenSOAS Department of Economics Working Paper No. 129https://ideas.repec.org/p/erg/wpaper/0201.html1753581685303800Measurement and Nature of Absolute Poverty in Least Developed CountriesKarshenas, Massoud2001-11MonographVoR
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Banks in bank-based financial systems tend to engage in long-term lending that requires substantial own capital to guarantee solvency. In market-based systems, in contrast, they tend to undertake short-term lending that requires adequate reserves to guarantee liquidity. Theoretical support for these two approaches to banking can be found in,respectively, Steuart and Smith. The innovative Marxist analysis of banking by Hilferding combined elements of both. Banks in the early stages of development are Smith-like but, as the scale of fixed investment in industry grows, they lend long-term and become Steuart-like, also developing ‘commitment’ relations with enterprises. However, Hilferding also implied, erroneously, that financial systems historically evolve
in a bank-based direction. Based on Hilferding but also drawing on Japanese Marxist analysis of finance, it is suggested instead that bank behaviour in bank-based systems results from institutional changes imposed by policy-makers in order to achieve ‘catching up.’application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/116/1/econ128.pdfenSOAS Department of Economics Working Paper No. 128https://ideas.repec.org/p/soa/wpaper/128.html175358163800Banks and the Design of the Financial System: Underpinnings in Steuart, Smith and HilferdingLapavitsas, Costas2002-11MonographVoR
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Assumptions applied in Orthodox Economic methods are criticised for being an inadequate depiction of reality. This is particularly the case from the perspective of Feminist Economics. Gender biases are reflected in the quantitative data sources and methods commonly applied for economic research. These include male biases in statistical data, a focus on outcomes rather than processes as well as the neglect of reproductive work and its interaction with market work. To overcome these problems, this paper introduces between-method triangulation, i.e. the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods of data generation and analysis, as an innovative and more realistic methodology to conduct gendered economic analysis. It draws on the authors’ recent empirical work on the Indonesian and Mauritian labour markets where between-method triangulation was employed. The approach is shown to be able to enhance empirical economic analysis by mutually validating results. Furthermore, the approach is shown to remove gender biases in economic analysis by analysing conflicting evidence and by complementing quantitative with qualitative findings in light of feminist economics theory.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/118/1/econ_146.pdfenSOAS Department of Economics Working Paper No. 146175358163800The Best of Two Worlds: Between-Method Triangulation in Feminist Economic ResearchBlin, MyriamSiegmann, Karin Astrid2006-02MonographVoR
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This paper, looking at the case study of Mauritius, attempts to understand the factors affecting the relationship between EOP, women’s work burden along different social backgrounds. The analysis is based on between-method triangulation consisting of a quantitative survey in the industrial sector and a qualitative survey in the industrial and services sectors. The main result shows that women and the social reproductive process were not affected in the same way depending on the socioprofessional background of the woman.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/119/1/econ147.pdfenSOAS Department of Economics Working Paper No. 147175358163800Export-Oriented Policies, Women’s Work Burden and Human Development in MauritiusBlin, Myriam2006-02MonographVoR
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China’s sustained rapid economic growth over the post-1978 reform era, which is also the era of globalisation, is of worldwide importance. This growth experience has been based mainly on China’s internal dynamics. In the first half of the era, economic growth was propelled by improvement in both allocative efficiency and productive efficiency. From the early 1990s until the present time, however, economic growth has been increasingly based on dynamic increasing returns associated with a growth path that is characterised by capital deepening. In both periods, the growth paths and their associated long-term-oriented institutions contradict principles of the free market economy – i.e., doctrines of globalisation. In the form of an analytical overview, this article seeks to explain and interpret the historical background, logic of evolution, and developmental and social implications of China’s economic transformation. The analytics draws on a range of relevant economic theories including Marxian theory of economic growth, Post-Keynesian theory of demand determination, and Neo-Schumpeterian theory of innovation. It is posited that these alternative theoretical perspectives offer better insights than mainstream neoclassical economics in explaining and interpreting China’s economic transformation.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/120/1/econ_148.pdfenSOAS Department of Economics Working Paper No. 148175358163800Making Sense of China’s Economic TransformationLo, Dic2006-03MonographVoR
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application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/123/1/Buddha_Map.pdfenEdinburgh University Press/Traditional Cosmology Society97807486047081200'If you meet the Buddha on the map...': The Notion of Mapping Spiritual PathsBocking, BrianFlood, Gavin D.1994Book chapterVoR
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application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/126/1/RAP_RFL_AND_ROL.rtf.pdfenPeter Lang97808204223741200RAP, RFL and ROL: Language and Religion in Higher EducationBocking, BrianWiebe, DonaldMasefield, Peter1994Book chapterAO
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This paper presents some results from the largest rural labour market survey yet conducted in Mozambique. Evidence from three provinces shows that labour markets have a significant impact on the lives of a large number of poor people and that employers exercise considerable discretion in setting wages and conditions of casual, seasonal and permanent wage employment. The evidence presented comes from a combination of a quantitative survey based on purposive sampling with other techniques, including interviews with large farmers. The findings contrast with ideas that rural labour markets are irrelevant to poverty reduction policy formulation in Africa and the paper concludes with methodological, analytical and policy recommendations.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/130/1/Lifting_the_Blinkers_for_working_paper.pdfenSchool of Oriental and African Studies3500Lifting the Blinkers: A New View of Power and Poverty in Mozambican Rural Labour MarketsSender, JohnOya, CarlosCramer, Christopher2006-05otherAO
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In this paper I revisit and elaborate some of the ideas I outlined in the earlier paper, concentrating on the semantic characteristics of the paired Perfective tense-aspects in a major (universal) discourse context—spontaneously-produced past-time narrative. The main focus is on the role of the paradigm known traditionally (and unfortunately) as the “Relative Perfective”, a set which is in partial complementary distribution with the “General/Neutral Perfective”. This specially inflected tense-aspect form is the one exploited at discourse-level to assert prominent events on the time-axis in foregrounded narrative sequences, but it is also required in classic clause-level wh-constructions, i.e., wh-interrogatives, declarative focus constructions, and relative clauses, operations which often share structural properties across languages. The central claim is that the fronted focus/wh- constructions and pivotal foregrounded portions of past-time narratives utilize the same specialized Perfective tense-aspect morphology because they achieve the same discourse-pragmatic goals—they all supply the most communicatively PROMINENT and focal NEW information.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/133/1/JAGGAR_NARRATIVE_FOCUS.pdfenJ.M. Dent and Co0039-35332100The Hausa perfective tense-aspect used in wh-/focus constructions and historical narratives: a unified accountJaggar, Philip J.Hyman, Larry M.Newman, Paul2006Book chapterAO
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In this short paper, I attempt to find what theoretical grounds might support the term ownership as used in aid relations and critically to discuss these grounds. Three possible sources for thinking through the concept are: property rights, relationships made or sustained through gifts, and principal-agent theory. After setting the concept of ownership in development aid within the context of its origins, the paper explores the relevance and implications of seeing ownership as the effect of a gift, and then, in more detail, explores the way in which principal-agent theory has been applied to the analysis of ownership. Where this has been done, a particular controversy emerges around the relationship between ownership and conditionality: some regard these notions as fully compatible while others highlight the tension between them.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/135/1/SidaPaperChris__2_.pdfenFirst workshop under the Sida/UTV Evaluation of Partner Country Ownership3500Own up! Does anyone out there have a decent theory of ownership?Cramer, Christopher2002-01otherNA
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Compared to other rural women, a high proportion of female wageworkers in rural Mozambique are divorced, separated or widowed. The paper explores the factors underlying this difference and establishes a significant relationship between labor market participation and female divorce or widowhood. The association is likely to work in both directions. Moreover, contrastive exploration suggests that divorced/separated women differ from non-divorced women in many other important respects: They tend to get access to better jobs; also, divorced and separated mothers are remarkably good at investing in their daughters’ education compared to other mothers and to male respondents. The paper concludes by stressing the limits of regression techniques in teasing out causation and the interactions between variables, and by suggesting that policies to increase female access to decently remunerated wage employment could make a substantial difference to the welfare of very poor rural women in Africa and their children.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/137/1/Moza_demo_paper_JSCO2007.pdfenSOAS University of London: Department of Development Studies3500Divorced, separated and widowed female workers in rural MozambiqueSender, JohnOya, Carlos2007-01MonographAO
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This paper discusses the political economy of development aid flows to poor countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and the potential role of China to generate opportunities for a recovery of policy space in these countries. We argue that the loss of policy space in many poor SSA countries is associated with donor-recipient relations in aid flows over the past two decades. The influential role of Western donor agencies and the growing marginalisation of SSA countries from international capital flows have left scarce policy space to their governments for more innovative trade, agricultural and industrial policies. The recent New Aid Agenda and the concomitant Western aid harmonization through budget support are likely enhance donors’ influence on policy making and to exacerbate this process despite claims of greater ‘ownership’. Learning from East Asian success stories has been hampered by the unequal bargaining power of SSA governments vis-à-vis their ‘development partners’. More recently, China has started to become an increasingly important player for some SSA countries and Chinese FDI and aid flows are already s significant reality there. Typically these ‘new’ relations may be seen with suspicion by Western ‘development’ partners, but we argue that this (and the cooperation of other Asian governments in a South-South cooperation framework) may be a significant opportunity for some SSA countries to regain part of the policy space lost in the 1980s and 1990s.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/138/1/Oya_Beijing.pdfenInternational Forum on Comparative Political Economy of Globalization85403500The political economy of development aid as main source of foreign finance for poor African countries: loss of policy space and possible alternatives from East AsiaOya, Carlos2006-08Conference Paper/Proceeding/AbstractAO
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0This thesis develops and advocates a feminist philosophy of myth in order to reformulate influential understandings of the roles and functions of myths in recent mythological scholarship. The initial hypothesis which the thesis establishes in Chapter 1 is that the designation of myth qua myth is neither innocent nor organic; highly consequential interests are at stake when myths are narrated, and, moreover, the categorisation of some types of narrative as ‘myth’ and others as ‘science’, or ‘philosophy’, for example, indicates powerful assertions about their relative level of validity and authority. I argue that these assertions are implicated in discursive strategies of containment and exclusion and allied to forms of identity construction characterised by an assertion of singularity. They further rely on the location of a non-transcendable point of origin as a means of securing the stability and legitimacy of these constructions. I develop this argument, in Chapters 2–7, through an extended case study of the German search for origins from the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries, and demonstrate its relationship to the German romantic attempt to construct a noble German identity. I critique these forms of identity and origin construction, arguing that the German case is but one example of the western metaphysical theories of ontology which are indebted to inflected patrilinearity, the main feature of which is a preoccupation with monogenetic singularity. I consequently develop an alternative feminist model of origins and identity in Chapters 8–10 based on poststructural and psychoanalytical feminist theories of maternality as a site of splitting, doubling, and process. I acknowledge that while the identification of origins is an ontological convention, the assertion of patrilineal provenance creates forms of subjectivity that are exclusionary, dialectical, and monolithic, and are, therefore, inadequate frameworks for constructing ethically oriented models of identity in a post-feminist context. In contrast, I suggest that metaphors of maternal origin offer a considerably more promising, if transitional, discursive frame for articulating identities that stress multiplicity, connectedness, immanence, and dialogue.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/144/1/Origins%2C_Genealogies%2C_and_the_Politics_of_Identity.pdfen10001200TOrigins, Genealogies, and the Politics of Mythmaking: Towards a Feminist Philosophy of MythHawthorne, SianThesisSMURhttp://doi.org/10.25501/SOAS.00000144
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application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/151/1/Sachs_Book_Review_for_EoT_v2.pdfenWiley257769754000Book Review of: The End of Poverty: How We Can Make It Happen in Our Lifetime by Jeffrey D. SachsGlinavos, Ioannis2006-07-12Journal Article/ReviewAOhttp://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0351.2006.00262.x
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A review of John E. Cort: Jains in the World: Religious Values and Ideology in India. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/153/1/BSOAS_Jainism_and_Society.pdfenCambridge University Press0041977X857015001000Jainism and societyFlügel, Peter2006-02Journal Article/ReviewAOhttp://doi.org/10.1017/50041977X0600005X
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0This thesis examines state-society relations in Egypt, and the logic of durable authoritarianism since 1952. It does so through an examination of the Egyptian state’s neglectful rule, from the 1970s through the 1990s, of its capital Cairo. In particular, the thesis focuses on state inaction vis-à-vis Cairo’s informal housing sector: those neighbourhoods established on land not officially sanctioned for urbanization.
The central research question of the thesis is to explain why the Egyptian state has been unable to intervene effectively in these informal neighbourhoods—despite their stigmatization in Egyptian public discourse as threats to the nation’s social, moral and political health; the authoritarian state’s considerable unilateral power; and the availability of western assistance for development interventions. The short answer to the question, is that the very factors which sustain the authoritarian political order constrain the Egyptian state’s ability to intervene in its capital. Neglectful rule is a consequence of the autocratic post-1952 dispensation of power.
That this neglect is not simply the result of structural resource constraints, is demonstrated through the examination of donor-funded urban-development projects—aimed at fostering an administratively competent Egyptian state able to intervene in its capital—none of which were successful or sustainable. The failure of these reform initiatives, which could have allowed Egyptian state agencies to upgrade informal Cairo and re-orient its growth, can be plausibly explained in terms of the challenges they posed to the logic of autocratic rule. Thus the reproduction of the informal city is, in part, a consequence of the post-1952 dispensation.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/155/1/Dorman_Politics_of_Neglect.pdfen4600TThe Politics of Neglect: the Egyptian State in Cairo, 1974-98Dorman, W. J.ThesisSMURhttp://doi.org/10.25501/SOAS.00000155
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This paper is an edition of a learned Babylonian text in which the ritual attire of a cultic officiant is equated with divine forces.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/156/1/George_Fs_Leichty_173-185.pdfenBrill978900414632785702400Babylonian texts from the folios of Sidney Smith, part three: a commentary on a ritual of the month NisanGeorge, AndrewGuinan, Ann K.Ellis, Maria deJ.Ferrara, A. J.Freedman, Sally M.Rutz, Matthew T.Sassmannshausen, LeonhardTinney, SteveWaters, M. W.2006Book chapterAO
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Hausa is conventionally analyzed as having only one strategy for both focus and wh-constructions--fronting, with special inflectional marking on the TAM. Recently, however, some new facts have emerged which demonstrate that focus can also occur IN SITU, with a general TAM (Jaggar 2001:496-98; Green & Jaggar 2003). Hausa in situ wh-questions and focus constructions are especially common with adverbial (especially locative) elements and/or nonverbal predicates and so are more restricted in their distribution than the ex situ strategies, but they represent an interesting new problem which requires extensive study of naturally occurring discourse and detailed syntactic analysis. The Hausa facts also need to be viewed in the wider comparative-historical context of the syntax of in situ focus and wh-constructions in related West Chadic languages.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/167/1/HAUSA_FOCUS_WH.pdfenRüdiger Köppe97838964552222100More on in situ WH- and focus constructions in HausaJaggar, Philip J.Ibriszimow, DymitrTourneux, HenryWolff, H. Ekkehard2006Book chapterAO
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application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/169/1/Lockyer%2C_Expo_Fascism.pdfenDuke University Press97808223445208560700Expo Fascism? Ideology, Representation, EconomyLockyer, AngusTansman, Alan2009Book chapterNA
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application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/178/1/Goessmann_Kirsch_2007.pdfenGlobal EthnographicGlobal Ethnographic86302300Nostalgia for 'Asian' Traditions and Energy: Encounters with Chinese and Koreans in Japanese TV DramaKirsch, GriseldisGössmann, HilariaWhite, Bruce2014-11-15Journal Article/ReviewAO
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The modern literature on international development in conjunction with the rise of institutional economics has focused attention on the role of institutions in the operation of the economy and crucially on the function of law as setting a framework to market operations. An emerging consensus that views development as a legal in as much as an economic challenge is forcing us to revaluate the relationship between law, regulation, state power and the market. Indeed, the greater the need for law, the larger the role of the state in the economy. The purpose of this article is to enquire into the implications the modern literature on economic development emanating from international institutions (primarily the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund) has for law reform and the role of the state in the economy. The main question asked is whether regulation has a uniform role in all reform contexts or whether there is a difference between the role of law in the transition to a market economy as opposed to the promotion of general development. This article suggests that there is indeed a difference between the role of law in transition as opposed to development that centres on the primacy of the state in the design for reform. While transition, it is suggested, requires a more limited role for law (Washington Consensus), development necessitates a more thorough involvement of the state in the reform process (Post-Washington Consensus). This article offers some preliminary evidence to suggest that a minimal role for regulation focused on market promotion required by ‘transition type’ reforms is adopted across the board and applied indiscriminately to all development scenarios. This means that reform packages remain rather minimal in the involvement of the state and in the scope for law despite the input of institutional economics and the apparent enthusiasm for the promotion of the rule of law. The article concludes that once a distinction is drawn between the different designs needed for transition and development, it becomes evident that a larger role for law and state regulation is needed that goes beyond mere market promotion. The promotion of development which encompasses political, social and economic aspects therefore asks for a wider role for the state.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/179/1/Conference_Article_Glinavos_1.pdfenChange, Rules and Institutions: Law and Economics in the Context of Development4000Transition or Development? Reassessing Priorities for Law ReformGlinavos, IoannisConference Paper/Proceeding/AbstractSMUR
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The ‘Washington Consensus’ supporting competitive frames and market solutions in economics and law was shown inadequate to address social problems in non-U.S. settings. So would diversity and dynamics suggest theories in need of adjustment to other realities such as culture, increasing returns and market power. Reform must account for an economics of falling cost, ecological limits and complementarity in our relations. Such shall open new applications for economics and law.
In this paper a theory of planning horizons is introduced and then employed to raise some meaningful questions about the neoclassical view with respect to its substitution, decreasing returns and independence assumptions. Suppositions of complementarity, increasing returns and interdependence suggest that competition is inefficient by upholding a myopic culture resistant to change. Growth – though long believed to rise from markets and competitive values – may not derive from these sources. Instead, as civilizations advance, shifting from material wants to higher-order intangible output, they evolve from market tradeoffs (substitution and scarcity) into realms of common need (complementarity and abundance). If so, then neoclassical arguments shall no longer apply to any advanced information economy also restrained by its ecology.
Indeed, this paper opens standard theory into a more general framework constructing ‘horizon effects’ into a case for cooperation – as more efficient than competition for all long-term problems of growth. The case is made that competition is keeping us stupid and immature, rewarding a myopic culture at the expense of learning and trust, therefore retarding economic growth instead of encouraging it as believed.
The policy implications of horizonal theory are explored, with respect to regulatory aims and economic concerns. Such an approach emphasizes strict constraints against entry barriers, ecological harm, market power abuse and ethical lapses. Social cohesion – not competition – is sought as a means to extend horizons and thereby increase efficiency, equity and ecological health. The overriding importance of horizon effects for regulatory assessment dominates other orthodox standards in economics and law. In sum, much of the reason for the failure of the Washington Consensus stems from myopic concerns central to any horizonal view. Reframing economics along horizonal lines suggests some meaningful insight to how regulations should be designed to keep pace with this approach in economics and law.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/180/1/paper_Jennings.pdfenChange, Rules and Institutions: Law and Economics in the Context of Development4000The Design of Free-Market Economies in a Post-Neoclassical WorldJennings, Frederic2007-09-29Conference Paper/Proceeding/AbstractSMUR
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The Republic of Sierra Leone is a smaller country in size, population and the number of its languages than many other countries on the West African coast such as Ghana, Ivory Coast and Nigeria. A particularly interesting phenomenon is however present in the configuration of the languages present and used in the country, and how language links up the general population. Though there are two proportionately large indigenous languages spoken in the country, Temne and Mende, it is found that the language which has spread and serves as a universal lingua franca known by as much as 95% of the population of Sierra Leone is in fact an English-based creole known as Krio, which is the mother tongue of a much smaller group of speakers primarily localized in and near the capital city Freetown. This chapter examines the growing significance of Krio in Sierra Leone and how it originally developed as a contact language among different groups of resettled emancipated slaves and other indigenous inhabitants of the Freetown area. The implications of the growth of Krio for national language policy and the position of English as the official language are examined, as well as the existence of ambivalent and changing attitudes towards the Krio language.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/181/1/proof_Sierra_Leone.pdfenOxford University Press97801992867512100Sierra Leone: Krio and the Quest for National IntegrationOyètádé, B. AkíntúndéFashole-Luke, VictorSimpson, Andrew2008-02-15Book chapterAO
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Nigeria is a country with an immense population of over 140 million, the largest in Africa, and several hundred languages and ethnic groups (over 400 in some estimates, 510 according to Ethnologue 2005), though with no single group being a majority, and the three largest ethnic groups together constituting only approximately half of the country's total population. Having been formed as a united territory by British colonial forces in 1914, with artificially created borders arbitrarily including certain ethnic groups while dividing others with neighbouring states, Nigeria and its complex ethno-linguistic situation in many ways is a prime representation of the classic set of problems faced by many newly developing states in Africa when decisions of national language policy and planning have to be made, and the potential role of language in nation-building has to be determined. When independence came to Nigeria in 1960, it was agreed that English would be the country's single official language, and there was little serious support support for the possible attempted promotion of any of Nigeria's indigenous languages into the role of national official language. This chapter considers the socio-political and historical background to the establishment of English as Nigeria's official language, and the development of the country over the subsequent post-independence era, and asks the following question. After five decades of experience of life with English as the nation's sole official language, if people in Nigeria were to be given the opportunity to reformulate national language policy as they wished, might one expect a different official language structure to be requested, perhaps with one or a combination of indigenous languages as a replacement for English, or is the current English-centred structuring of officialdom felt to be satisfactory and appropriate given the ethnic configuration of the country?application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/182/1/proof_Nigeria.pdfenOxford University Press97801992867512100Nigeria: Ethno-linguistic Competition in the Giant of AfricaSimpson, AndrewOyètádé, B. AkíntúndéSimpson, Andrew2008-02Book chapterAO
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What is at stake, politically, in abandoning claims that one's actions are legitimized by some form of transcendent authority? Analysing this question moves us beyond human rights debates about foundationalism, and asks whether the efficacy of claims made by human rights advocates is undermined by their inability, conceptually and politically, to make the case that human rights are moral truths rather than a more temporal and secular doctrine. Through an analysis of Amnesty International and its ambivalent grounding in Kantian notions of morality, and by considering competing religious and national claims to authority, I assess whether or not human rights activism suffers from an inescapable political ineptitude that must eventually see it decline in the face of more ardent and politically effective authority claims.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/183/1/The_Politics_of_Moral_Authority%2C_20th_Sept_2007.pdfenSOAS Department of Politics and International Studies605085104600The Politics of Moral AuthorityHopgood, Stephen2007-09MonographAO
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Although Japan is often portrayed as culturally and ethnically highly homogeneous, its music culture has long been extremely diverse, especially so with modernization and globalization. Thus we begin by problematizing the term ‘Japanese music’. We then aim to provide broad historical, cultural and theoretical contexts within which to understand the subsequent genre-specific chapters, by introducing a range of cross-cutting topics, issues and research perspectives - for example: Japan’s interactions with other cultures throughout history; sociocultural contexts of each genre, including issues of patronage, audiences, class and gender; social structures and mechanisms of transmission; music theory in Japan; aesthetic concepts; and research culture. We conclude with a view into the musical future, considering the impact of educational policies, globalization and so forth.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/187/1/ARC_to_Jap_Music_-_Ch1_%5BOct_28_proofs%5D.pdfenAshgate Publishing Limited9780754656999900Context and change in Japanese musicTokita, Alison McQueenHughes, DavidBook chapterAO
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This chapter traces the shifting situation and nature of Japanese folk music from ‘traditional’ times to the present day. Topics covered include: importation of the European concept of ‘the folk’; distinction between folk song (min’yō) and folk performing arts (minzoku geinō); folk music in the traditional community; music and local identity, past and present (e.g. local vs national identity; folk music’s role in ‘community building’ in modern Japan); professionalization, commodification, folklorization, secularization and the emergence of stage performances; musical change and the Western impact (e.g. fusion); the rise in popularity of wadaiko, Tsugaru-jamisen and Okinawan music; research history and trends.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/188/2/ARC_to_Jap_Music_Ch12_Oct_28.pdfenAshgate Publishing Limited9780754656999900Folk music: from local to national to globalHughes, David W.Hughes, David W.Tokita, Alison McQueen2007-09-01Book chapterAO
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Some thirty per cent of Jains describe themselves as Sthanakavasis. Yet the Sthanakavasi tradition has not received any attention by academic scholarship. The present article is the third of a five-part history of the Sthanakavasi tradition, based on textual and ethnographic sources.
The first part (BIS 13/14 2000) gave an overview of the history and doctrines of the Sthanakavasi mendicant traditions, from the reforms of Lonka in the 15th century, until the creation of a unified Sramanasangha under the command of a single acarya in 1952. It analysed the aims and structure of Sramanasangha, and the refusal of many Sthanakavasi orders in Gujarat and Rajasthan to join the new organisation. In conclusion, four types of Jainism were distinguished: canonical, classical or traditional, protestant, and post-protestant. The Sthanakavasi tradition represents a mixture of protestant and traditional elements. Part II investigates the sectarian dynamic within the Sramanasangha in conjunction with the history and structure of the independent Sthanakavasi traditions in Malva. It starts with a critical analysis of the notion of '22 schools' (baistola) of the Dharmadasa tradition, from which most Malva traditions are derived. The analysis of the relationship between the segments of the Dharmadasa traditions inside and outside the Sramanasangha, leads to the identification of three principal variables of Jain monastic organisation: descent, seniority, and succession. These structuring devices are used to mediate between the imperatives of historical legitimation and maintenance of differential group identity.
It is argued that the new Sthanakavasi lists of succession (pattavalis), the prime markers of sectarian identity, were constructed retrospectively on the basis of lists of descent (gurvavalis) and biographical poems, not the other way round, as commonly assumed. Part III continues the analysis of the Dharmadasa traditions outside Gujarat, with a focus on history, doctrine, monastic rules and practices: Dharmadasa Sampradaya (Haridas-Tradition); Jñangacch and Nava Jñangacch (Ramcandra-Tradition); Jaymalgacch (Jaymal-Tradition); Ratnavams (Kusala-Tradition); Vardhamana Vitarag Sampradaya (Kusala-Tradition); Amarmuni Sampradaya I-II (Manohardas-Tradition). Parts IV-V describe the Sthanakavasi traditions in the Panjab and Gujarat, and the overall context of Jain politics of religious modernisation in the 19th - 20th centuries.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/189/1/jaina3.pdfenWeidler09350004857015001000Protestantische und Post-Protestantische Jaina-Reformbewegungen: Zur Geschichte und Organisation der Sthānakavāsī IIIFlügel, Peter2007Journal Article/ReviewAO
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Logophoric marking in the Ogonoid family (Benue-Congo, Niger-Congo) differs significantly from most other logophoric reference systems in that these languages employ distinct verbal suffixes in logophoric domains, in addition to regular participant reference marking. This contrasts other known logophoric reference systems, which typically exhibit two sets of mutually exclusive pronouns, one logophoric and one non-logophoric. It has been commonly held in the literature that the function of logophoric pronouns is not to disambiguate coreference of clausal arguments, but to indicate the expression of a point of view distinct from that articulated using non-logophoric personal pronouns. In this paper, the properties of logophoric reference in Gokana (Hyman and Comrie 1981) and Kana (Ikoro 1996) are introduced before discussing new data from Eleme. Evidence is presented that point of view does not play a role in the use of logophoric marking in Eleme. Rather, it is argued that the logophoric trigger is determined by the interaction of person, number and grammatical relation hierarchies allowing for the development of a unique and comparably pervasive system of coreference.application/pdfhttps://eprints.soas.ac.uk/190/1/paper1313.pdfenCascadilla Proceedings Project978157473410231003300A broader perspective on point of view: logophoricity in Ogonoid languagesBond, OliverMugane, JohnHutchinson, John P.Worman, Dee A.2006Book chapterAO
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:191
2024-01-07T09:26:55Z
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74797065733D61727469636C65
Is it possible or indeed desirable to combine qualitative, participatory and quantitative research methods and approaches to better understand poverty? This special section of Focaal seeks to explore a number of contentious, inter-related issues that arise from multimethod research that is driven by growing international policy concerns to reduce global poverty. We seek to initiate an interdisciplinary dialog about the limits of methodological integration by examining existing research practice to better understand the strengths and limitations of combining methods which derive from different epistemological premises. We ask how methods might be combined to better address issues of causality, and whether the concept of triangulation offers a possible way forward. In examining existing research we find little in the way of shared understanding about poverty and, due to the dominance of econometrics and its insistence on using household surveys, very little middle ground where other disciplines might collaborate to rethink key conceptual and methodological issues.enBerghahn092012978580Development research: Convergent or divergent approaches and understandings of poverty? An introductionCampbell, JohnHolland, Jeremy2005Journal Article/ReviewNAhttp://doi.org/10.3167/092012905780909289
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:192
2022-09-13T08:01:43Z
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enSociety for Applied Anthropology00187259Participatory Rural Appraisal as Qualititative Research: Distinguishing Methodological Issues from Participatory ClaimsCampbell, JohnStull, D2001Journal Article/ReviewNA
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:193
2022-01-17T10:10:49Z
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74797065733D626F6F6B5F73656374696F6E
enKumarian9780852558553Drawing a line between autonomy and Governance: The state, civil society and NGOs in EthiopiaCampbell, JohnBarrow, OndineJennings, Michael2001Book chapterNA
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:194
2021-12-27T13:33:44Z
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Anthropologists and others working in the field of development are making increasing use of participatory research methods. While aware of the value of such methods, this paper outlines a number of methodological issues that need to be carefully considered. Such issues, when taken together with the problem of combining participatory with other forms of qualitative and quantitative research, argue strongly not only for caution but the need to undertake basic research on the participatory methods themselves. This paper looks at the development of participatory rural appraisal (PRA) in development research, and critically examines three methods/techniques--interviewing, visualization and ranking/scoring--in terms of their relation to qualitative research. Finally, the issue of the validity of PRA is discussed in relation to arguments about the role of sequencing/triangulating research techniques that are shown to be as problematic as the unexamined use of PRA methods.enTaylor and Francis13645579A Critical Appraisal of Participatory Methods in Development ResearchCampbell, John2002Journal Article/ReviewNAhttp://doi.org/10.1080/13645570110098046
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:195
2022-12-09T08:17:39Z
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enHuman Relations Area Files and Grollier Publishing Co.9780717256983Dar es SalaamCampbell, JohnEmber, MelvinEmber, Carol R2002Book chapterNA
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:196
2022-01-18T11:11:36Z
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enRoutledge9780415258692Interdisciplinary research and GIS: Why local and indigenous knowledge are discountedCampbell, JohnSillitoe, PaulBicker, AlanPottier, Johan2002Book chapterNA
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:197
2018-06-22T15:50:57Z
oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:198
2018-06-22T15:50:57Z
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